Sensory Perception
Name the six senses included in sensory perception.
What are vision, hearing, touch, smell, taste, and position/movement (kinesthetic/proprioception)?
This age-related vision disorder is caused by decreased elasticity of the lens, making it difficult to focus on nearby objects.
What is presbyopia?
What is hospice care?
This type of care is intended for clients with a life expectancy of approximately six months or less.
List at least five benefits of getting adequate sleep.
What are restoring energy, promoting healing and tissue repair, supporting immune function, improving memory and learning, enhancing mood, and improving concentration and judgment?
Answer: This type of suctioning removes secretions from the mouth and uses a Yankauer catheter.
What is oropharyngeal suctioning?
List four common causes of vision loss.
What are presbyopia, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, eye infection, eye injury, brain tumors, or stroke?
List at least five expected findings that may indicate a vision problem.
What are headaches, eye strain, blurred vision, diplopia (double vision), poor depth perception, favoring one eye, and poor hand-eye coordination?
Identify the four advance care planning documents or decisions that help ensure a patient's wishes are honored.
What are an advance directive, living will, durable power of attorney for healthcare, and a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order?
Compare the three stages of NREM sleep by describing the major characteristics of each.
What are NREM Stage 1 (very light sleep, easily awakened, muscle relaxation begins, heart rate slows), Stage 2 (light sleep, heart rate and body temperature decrease, harder to awaken, greatest percentage of total sleep), and Stage 3 (deepest sleep, difficult to awaken, lowest heart rate and blood pressure, physical restoration and growth hormone release)?
This suctioning method requires sterile surgical asepsis because the catheter enters a sterile airway
endotracheal and tracheostomy suctioning?
Name four common causes of sensorineural hearing loss.
What are aging (presbycusis), loud noise exposure, ototoxic medications, acoustic neuroma, and infection?
Compare cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration by identifying the affected eye structure, hallmark finding, and major complication of each.
What are cataracts (clouding of the lens causing blurred vision and glare; treated with cataract surgery), glaucoma (increased intraocular pressure damaging the optic nerve and potentially causing permanent blindness), and macular degeneration (degeneration of the macula causing loss of central vision while peripheral vision is usually preserved)?
Identify the expected respiratory changes that commonly occur during the dying process.
What are irregular breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respirations, decreased respiratory rate, and noisy secretions ("death rattle")?
Identify the three types of insomnia and describe how they differ.
What are acute insomnia (lasting a few days to weeks, often related to stress), chronic insomnia (occurring at least three nights per week for three months or longer), and intermittent insomnia (alternating periods of insomnia and normal sleep)?
A nurse is preparing to suction a client who has thick respiratory secretions. This intervention helps loosen secretions and improve oxygenation before suctioning.
Hyperoxygenation before suctionin
Compare sensory deprivation and sensory overload by describing the cause, common assessment findings, and nursing interventions for each.
What is sensory deprivation (insufficient stimulation causing depression, withdrawal, confusion, hallucinations, and decreased attention; managed with communication, family visits, music, glasses/hearing aids, ROM, massage, pleasant scents, and varied textures) and sensory overload (excessive stimulation causing anxiety, restlessness, irritability, fatigue, insomnia, and difficulty concentrating; managed by reducing noise, dimming lights, limiting visitors, clustering care, promoting rest, and using orientation cues)?
List the nursing teaching points for administering eye medications and the additional teaching required after receiving anticholinergic eye drops.
What are wash hands before and after administration, avoid touching the dropper tip, wait about 5 minutes between different eye medications, remove contact lenses if instructed, wear sunglasses after dilation, and avoid driving until vision returns to normal?
List at least eight nursing interventions that promote comfort for a patient receiving end-of-life care.
What are administering pain medication as prescribed, repositioning for comfort, providing frequent oral care, keeping the patient clean and dry, managing dyspnea with positioning and oxygen if indicated, reducing unnecessary interventions, providing a calm and quiet environment, encouraging family presence if desired, and respecting cultural and spiritual preferences?
List at least eight factors that can interfere with sleep.
What are pain, nocturia, sleep apnea, dyspnea, fever, anxiety, stress, fear, depression, grief, shift work, travel, irregular schedules, heavy meals before bedtime, caffeine, alcohol, vigorous exercise before bedtime, noise, bright lights, uncomfortable temperatures, frequent interruptions, nicotine, and substance use?
The maximum number of suction passes recommended before allowing the client to recover.
3 passes
Identify the five neurologic disorders discussed that may affect sensation or communication and list four deficits they can cause.
What are stroke, peripheral neuropathy, diabetes, brain injury, and multiple sclerosis; which may cause numbness, weakness, aphasia, and visual deficits?
Identify at least eight health promotion strategies that help preserve vision and hearing.
What are wearing sunglasses outdoors, following the 20-20-20 rule, avoiding rubbing the eyes, scheduling routine eye exams after age 40, controlling blood pressure, blood glucose, and cholesterol, stopping smoking, limiting alcohol, eating antioxidant-rich foods, never inserting cotton swabs into the ear canal, wearing hearing protection around loud noise, keeping headphone volume low, blowing the nose gently, and having foreign objects removed by a healthcare provider?
Explain the goals of hospice care, including who qualifies, where it may be provided, and its overall focus.
What is hospice care for clients with a life expectancy of approximately six months or less, available at any age and provided at home, in hospice facilities, nursing homes, or hospitals, with a focus on comfort, symptom management, emotional and family support, and a peaceful, natural dying process rather than curative treatment?
Compare narcolepsy and hypersomnolence disorder, including defining characteristics and management strategies for each.
What is narcolepsy (a neurologic disorder causing sudden sleep attacks and excessive daytime sleepiness, managed with scheduled naps, exercise, high-protein meals, stimulant medications, and avoiding driving when sleepy) and hypersomnolence disorder (persistent excessive daytime sleepiness despite adequate nighttime sleep for at least three months, managed with a regular sleep schedule, adequate nighttime sleep, and stimulant medications)?
The type of tracheostomy tube with one or more openings that allows airflow through the vocal cords.
What is a fenestrated tracheostomy tube?