The Work of Gregor Mendel
Specific characteristic of an individual
trait
Organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a particular gene
Homozygous
Multiple Alleles definition
Gene with more than 2 alleles
Tetrad definition
Structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis.
Types of RNA
Messenger RNA
Ribosomal RNA
Transfer RNA
What is fertilization?
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.
What does the principle of independent assortment states?
Genes for different traits can segregate independently during formation of gametes.
Traits controlled by 2 or more genes
Polygenic traits
Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.
Crossing-over
Enzyme that transcription requires
RNA polymerase
Factors that are passed from parents to offspring?
genes
Likelihood that a particular event will occur
Probability
Which conditions can affect gene expression and influence genetically determined traits?
Environmental conditions
What is Meiosis?
Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
Portions that are cut out and discarded
Introns
Definition of Segregation
Separation of alleles during gamete formation.
What is the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Phenotype - physical traits
Genotype - Genetic makeup
Codominance definition
Situation in which the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed.
How is meiosis different from mitosis?
Mitosis can be a form of asexual reproduction, where meiosis is an early step in sexual reproduction.
Exons
Remaining pieces in mRNA
This principle states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
Principle of dominance
Punnett squares are used to...
Predict genotype and phenotype combinations of a genetic cross.
Definition of Incomplete dominance
Situation in which one alleles is not completely dominant over another allele.
Phases of Meiosis
Prophase I
Metaphase I and Anaphase I
Telophase I and Cytokinesis
How does RNA differ from DNA?
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, while RNA stands for ribonucleic acid. DNA, thus, carries a deoxyribose sugar and RNA contains a ribose sugar.