The Learning Process
Six Laws of Learning
This is the reason one acts or behaves in a certain way and it lies at the heart of goals
Motivation
Confusion of symbols, overuse of abstractions, interference, lack of common experience
What is the teaching process?
"PPAR"
Preparation, presentation, application, review, evaluation
This is flight instruction during which learners are taught to perform flight maneuvers both by outside visual references and by reference to flight instruments
Integrated Flight Instruction
Four levels of learning
"RUAC"
Rote, Understanding, Application, Correlation
According to Maslow, this is the most basic level of human needs.
Physiological Needs
What are the three basic elements of communication?
"SSR"
Source, symbols, receiver
Demonstration-Performance Method
EDSIE
Explanation, Demonstration, Student performance, instructor supervision, evaluation/critique
What are the reasons for using instructional aids?
VRAT
Visualize, retain knowledge, attention, time efficient
This law is the reason an instructor must teach it correctly the first time.
The Law of Primacy
What are all of the defense mechanisms?
"DR FDR CPR"
Denial, repression, fantasy/daydreaming, reaction formation, compensation, projection, rationalization
This barrier is a result of physiological, psychological, or environmental factors preventing the student/person from understanding
Interference
Name the Characteristics of an Effective Question
"SSRRCC"
Specific purpose, stimulates thought, relates to previously taught information, requires a specific answer, contains a single idea, clear in meaning
What are the guidelines for using instructional aids?
"OROS"
Objective, research, organize outline, support with aids
Four Characteristics of Learning
Result of Experience, Active Process, Multifaceted, Purposeful
This is the most treacherous hazards to flight safety, as it may not be apparent to a pilot until serious errors are made.
Fatigue
This occurs when effective communication has taken place.
The receiver reacts with understanding and changes his or her behavior according to the intent of the source.
The goal of this type of teaching method is to draw out the knowledge of the learner. The greater the participation becomes, the more effective the learning will be.
Guided Discussion
Retention of Learning
"PARSAM"
Praise, association, repetition, senses, attitudes, mnemonics
Three Domains of Learning
"CAP"
Cognitive (thinking), Affective (feeling), Psychomotor (doing)
A person who fails an exam and believes that the failure was not due to a lack of personal skill of knowledge but rather that they had a bad instructor is an example of what defense mechanism?
Projection
What barrier to effective communication is considered the greatest single barrier?
Lack of common experience
This method is based on the principle that people learn by doing.
Demonstration-Performance Method
EDSIE
Explanation, demonstration, student performance, instructor supervision, evaluation & critique
Theories of Forgetting
FIRR
Forgetting/disuse, interference, repression, retrieval failure