Consciousness
The effect that causes you to notice your name even when you are focused on another conversation
Cocktail party effect
The first step in the memory process, when information is initially processed
Encoding
Spearman's theory that proposes a general mental ability underlying many intellectual tasks
General intelligence (g)
he theory that explains drinking water when thirsty as an attempt to restore the body's balance
Drive reduction theory
Failing to notice something obvious because your attention is focused elsewhere
Inattentional blindness
The working-memory system that helps you hold and mentally repeat spoken information
Phonological loop
The theory that proposes several different types of intelligence, such as linguistic and bodily-kinesthetic
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences
The theory that says rewards such as money can motivate behavior
Incentive theory
The brain structure that receives light information and helps regulate your circadian rhythm
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
Knowing how to ride a bicycle without consciously remembering when you learned how
Implicit memory
Sternberg's type of intelligence used when you invent a new solution to a problem
Creative intelligence
The theory that suggests people are motivated to seek an optimal level of stimulation
Arousal theory
The type of sleep that becomes longer and more frequent later in the night
REM sleep
The part of the brain strongly associated with emotional memories
Amygdala
Sternberg's three types of intelligence
Analytical, creative, and practical
Reframing a situation so that you experience a less negative emotion
Cognitive reappraisal
Vivid images or sensations that occur as you are falling asleep
Hypnagogic hallucinations
When misleading information changes what you remember about an event
Misinformation effect
The approximate IQ score below which significant cognitive delays may be indicated
70
The need that motivates people to excel, meet high standards, and overcome difficult challenges
Achievement motivation