Transcription
The process of making an RNA copy from a DNA sequence is called...
What is transcription?
The process in which a sequence from an RNA dictates protein synthesis.
What is translation?
A protein / transcription factor that increases transcription of a gene(s).
What is an activator?
A protein that turns off, stops, or reduces gene expression.
What is a repressor?
The disease for over expression of a gene is called...
What is cancer?
A normal process where transcription is started but is suddenly stopped prior to the operon genes being transcribed is called...
What is transcription attenuation?
This would results in production of malfunctioning proteins.
What are errors during translation?
This binds to another activator to increase the rate of transription.
What is a coactivator
When a repressor binds to a co-repressor and therefore cannot bind to an operon, this is called a...
What is an inactive repressor/aporepressor
A gene that has an effect on converting a normal cell into a cancerous one is...
What is an oncogene?
The default state of the gene for ____ cells are on and in ____ cells are off are differences between...
What are the differences between euokaryotic and prokaryotic transcription processes?
This would cause improper formation of a protein altering its shape and function.
What is a damaged intron splicing process?
The two domains within activators that. _____ domain causes the binding to the gene while the _____ domain allows the gene to proceed.
What is the DNA binding domain and activation domain.
This action would introduce allolactose that would bind to the lac repressor and remove it from the DNA and transcription would commence creating lactase.
What is drinking mammalian milk?
An increase in gene products vs decrease in gene products are the diffrences between ____ and ____.
What is an induction and repression operon?
Promoters on the DNA sequence being in competition with eachother and the rate at which they can synthesize new RNA and presence of effectors are examples of...
What are the limitations of transcription?
This causes an inability to initiate or finish the elongation process therefore the protein is never made.
What is a missing/defective ribosome?
This would cause an increase in the rate of transcription as well as allow pretty much all genes to be made without any inhibition. This may provide a perfect playground for cancer growth.
What is an increase in both coactivators and aporepressors?
The gene would continously be expressed due inability to stop which would end with altered cell function or even uncontrolled growth/cancer.
What is what would happen if the operon a repressor is supposed to bind to has a mutation that prohibited the repressor from binding?
A gene that is coninuously expressed for celullar maintenance is...
What is a housekeeping gene?
An error in the promoter not being expressed in the DNA sequence or lack of repressors or activators where needed shows an example of...
What is transcription going wrong?
This would cause a change in the expected protein formation by changing the codons that correspond to specific amino acid sequence.
Example: The RNA sequence AUG-ACG-GAU would make the amino acid sequence MET-THR-ASP but if the first A was cut the new sequence would be UGA-CGG-AU where the initial UGA would make a STOP codon.
What is editing RNA just between transcription and translation commences to remove certain molecules?
Since there are two domains in an activator, if they were separted they would act as a repressor since it would presumably still be able to bind to the operon but wouldn't be able to activate.
What is separation of the two domains within the activator?
Prokaryotes have less genes and may be more effective to use these. Also, prokaryotes are mainly asexual so using this may aid in the transfering of genome to its offspring/duplicates.
What is why are repressors more common in prokaryotes than eukaryotes?
This would result in an increase in transcription within a cell and may cause changes in cell function.
What is too much of an activating transciption factor present?