DNA/RNA Structure
More DNA/RNA structure
Protein Synthesis I
Protein Synthesis II
Vocab
Cell organelle
100
This is what DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
Where can DNA not go?
Out of the nucleus
100
Enzymes, which are made of proteins, usually end with what suffix?
-ase
100
Which process of protein synthesis comes first
transcription
100
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
DNA
100
Powerhouse of cell
Mitochondria
200
What are the building blocks (monomers) that compose DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
200
What makes up the “sides” of the DNA ladder?
Alternating sugar and phosphate units
200
What type of RNA is responsible for transCription?
mRNA
200
What happens to the DNA strand after transcription is completed?
It zips back up
200
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
200
synthesis of protein
Ribosome
300
A relatively weak bond that forms between the two nitrogen bases holding the two sides of the DNA molecule together.
Hydrogen Bond
300
What purpose does DNA serve in a cell?
Store and transmits genetic information
300
What type of RNA is responsible for TransLation?
tRNA
300
Where does protein synthesis take place?
on the ribosome
300
A sequence of three nitrogen bases is called a _____ and is the code for one _____ which is the building block of protein.
Codon
Amino Acid
300
Storage in the cell
Vacuole
400
The sugar found in DNA is______. The sugar found in RNA is ______________
Deoxyribose ; Ribose
400
Identify the parts of the nucleotide
1 = phosphate
2 = sugar
3 = nitrogen base
400
What is the function of tRNA?
tRNA reads the message from mRNA, gathers the correct amino acids, and transports them back to the ribosome.
400
The first mRNA codon is called the _____ codon and the last mRNA codon is called the _____ codon.
start-AUG
stop
400
Macromolecule/biomolecule that makes up the middle of the plasma membrane, is used for insulation, and is long term energy storage.
Lipid
400
what is on the rough ER?
Ribosomes
500
Name the three components of the nucleotides that compose DNA.
sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate
500
What about DNA, specifically, determines the traits of an organism?
the order of bases
500
The purpose of mRNA is to carry the protein building instructions from __1__ in the ___2_ to the __3__ located in the ___4____.
1. DNA
2.Nucleus
3.Ribosome
4. Cytoplasm
500
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of forming a strand of RNA from a DNA template.
500
What is the building block of DNA?
Nucleotides
500
what 2 organelles are found in plant but not animal cells?
chloroplast / cell wall
600
What are (Chargaff's) base pairing rules?
How do the nitrogen bases pair?
A-->T
C-->G
600
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait/protein
Gene
600
Where does transcription occur?
Nucleus
600
What is the Central Dogma?
(name the 2 parts of protein synthesis)
Dna is transcribed into RNA which is translated into a protein
600
Bonds that connect amino acids.
peptide bonds
600
modify and package protein
golgi body
700
RNA is _________ stranded
DNA is _________ stranded
Single
Double
700
What makes up the steps of the "ladder" on a DNA molecule?
The nitrogen bases
700
Transcribe the following DNA strand:
TTC TAC TGG
AAG AUG ACC
700
What is this molecule called?
mRNA
700
When DNA makes a copy of itself it is called?
DNA Replication
700
what is the function of lysosome?
the bin of the cell, get rid of waste