CHROMOSOME BASICS
Structures in cells that carry DNA, genes, and alleles
What are chromosomes?
Cell division that produces sperm and egg cells
What is meiosis?
Differences in traits among individuals
What is genetic variation?
Basic unit of heredity
What is a gene?
Why siblings share traits but are not identical
What is genetics?
Pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that carry the same genes but may have different alleles.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Random separation of chromosomes into gametes
What is independent assortment?
Process that creates new combinations of alleles
What is genetic recombination?
Structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genes
What are chromosomes?
Random process that shuffles chromosomes during meiosis
What is independent assortment?
Identical copies of chromosomes formed before division
What are sister chromatids?
Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes
What is crossing-over?
Why are offspring from the same parents not identical
What is meiosis?
Genetic makeup of an organism
What is a genotype?
Exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes
What is crossing-over?
A segment of DNA that codes for a trait
What is a gene?
Process that includes crossing-over and independent assortment to create variation
What is genetic recombination?
Combination of sperm and egg DNA
What is fertilization?
Observable traits of an organism
What is a phenotype?
Process that creates new combinations of alleles in gametes
What is genetic recombination?
Different versions of a gene that create variation
What are alleles?
Meiosis produces these reproductive cells
What are gametes?
Two processes that create variation in meiosis
What are crossing-over and independent assortment?
A cell containing one set of chromosomes
What is a haploid cell?
The result of meiosis and fertilization creates unique individuals
What is genetic variation?