Mendelian and non-mendelian genetics
A variation of a gene, a diploid organism will have two of these for each gene.
What is an allele?
The shape that representa an unaffected male in a pedigree chart.
What is an unshaded square?
The name of the cell produced when fertilisation occurs
What is a zygote?
Identify one of the bioethical concepts
Respect
Integrity
Beneficience
Justice
Non- maleficence
The name of a genotype when a person has two recessive alleles.
What is a homozygous recessive genotype?
The genotype of the parents in an autosomal dominant pedigree, where two affected parents have an unaffected child.
What is heterozygous?
The level of potency of a zygote. A cell that can differentiate into all cell types.
What is totipotent?
Define the consequences based approach to bioethics
The approach to maximise the postive outcomes of an issue and minismise the negative ones.
If two people are heterozygous for toungue rolling (T= roller and t= non roller) and they produce offspring. The chance they will have a non-roller child is?
25%
In an X-linked dominant pedigree an affected father produces 3 daughters with a woman who is also affected by the trait. The genotype of the daughters is?
unknown/ XAX-
The name for the type of cloning that when naturally occuring creates identical twins.
What is Embryo splitting
An enzyme made by bacteria that can be programmed with instruction to cut a specific part of DNA.
What is Cas9?
A type of non-mendellian genetics where a heterozygous individual will have a blend of the phenotypes.
What is incomplete dominance?
two unaffected people have an affected child. The pedigree must be tracking a.....
recessive trait.
Dolly was a clone of one of three parents.
a) The surrogate mother
b) The somatic cell donor
c) The egg cell donor
The somatic cell donor
The nucleic acid transcribed by a bacteria and used to arm the Cas9 enzyme with the instructionns to find a complimentary viral DNA strand.
What is gRNA?
A female is a carrier for an X-linked recessive diease and doesn't know! She reproduces with an unaffected male. They have a son on the way. What is the chance that this boy will have the genetic disease?
50%
A pedigree chart does not have two unaffected or two affected parents. There is an affected man who has an unaffected daughter. What type of trait can be ruled out?
X-linked recessive
To perform therapeutic cloning on a person suffering a disease, somatic cel nuclear transfer can be used. What is the large ethical dilemma with this technology?
It requires the use/ destruction of embryos.
CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been used to modify embryos of humans and reproduce them. Using the bioethical concept of non-maleficence outline why this should not be done!
Non- maleficence is the bioethical concept of ensuring no harm is done to living things. (must be defined)
Scientists should not use CRISPR-Cas9 as it has potential for off-target affects which can harm the person in unforseen ways. (must be linked)