Transcription
The direction that RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA
What is 5' to 3'
The three major processing modifications commonly made to eukaryotic pre-mRNA
What are 5' capping, poly(A) tail addition, and splicing
The usual start codon, and the amino acid that it encodes
What is AUG, which encodes methionine
The building blocks of proteins
What are amino acids
What is the promoter
The regions of a eukaryotic pre-mRNA that are removed, and the regions that are joined together during splicing
What are introns removed and exons joined
What is transfer RNA (tRNA)
The name of the covalent bonds that link amino acids in a polypeptide
What is a peptide bond
The prokaryotic protein factor that helps recruit core RNA polymerase to the promoter, and what is the -10 promoter element called
what are the sigma factor and the Pribnow box
The structure added to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA and contains a methylated guanine nucleotide
What is the 5' cap (7-methylguanosine cap)
The name for the ribosomes three binding sites for tRNA in order from entry to exit
What are the A, P, and E sites
A newly made RNA sequence matches the coding DNA strand except that it contains U instead of T. Which DNA strand was used to make it?
What is the template strand (noncoding)
The name of the adenine-contains site within an intron that helps initiate splice-site reactions
branch point
The enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to a tRNA
What is the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
The level of a protein structure that includes local alpha helices and beta sheets
What is the secondary structure
A bacterial transcript ends after RNA polymerase pauses at a terminator, while a protein binds an upstream rut site on the RNA and helps release the transcript. Which termination mechanism is this?
What is rho-dependent termination
The two components that make up snRNPs, that participate in spliceosome-mediated splicing
What are snRNA and proteins
When a ribosome reaches a stop codon, but no tRNA recognizes it, what binds instead
A functional protein that consists of multiple polypeptide subunits assembled together
What is a quaternary structure