POPULATION BASICS
This is the number of births per 1,000 people in a population per year.
birth rate๐ผ๐ผ๐ผ๐ผ๐ผ๐ผ๐ผ๐ผ
In this DTM stage, both birth rates and death rates are high.
Stage 1๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ๐บ
A fertility rate of 4.0 means that, on average, a woman has about this many children during her lifetime.
4 kids๐ฆฟ๐ฆพ๐ฆฟ๐ฆพ๐ฆพ๐ฆฟ๐ฆฟ๐ฆพ๐ฆฟ๐ฆพ๐ฆพ๐ฆต๐ป๐ฆพ๐ฆต๐ป๐ช๐ป๐ฆต๐ป๐ช๐ป๐ฆต๐ป๐ฆพ๐ฆฟ๐ฆพ๐ฆต๐ป
A population pyramid shows the distribution of these two characteristics in a population.
Age and gender๐ฃ๐ง๐จ๐บ๐ง๐ฅ๐ง๐ต๐จ๐ง๐ง๐ช๐บ๐จ๐ฅ๐บ๐ฆ๐ป
This economic measure represents the value of goods and services produced by a country.
GDP๐ชณ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ชณ๐ฆ๐ง๐ชณ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ฆ๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ข๐ชฑ๐ฆญ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ชผ๐ ๐ฌ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐๐ฆ๐๐๐ธ๏ธ๐๐๐ฆ๐ท๏ธ๐ฆ๐๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐ฆ๐
This is the average number of children a woman has during her lifetime.
Fertility rate๐๐๐๐๐คฃ๐คจ๐ ๐๐๐๐คจ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐
In this stage, the birth rate begins to fall while the death rate remains low.
Stage 3๐บ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐บ๐ธ๐ป๐คฒ๐ป๐น๐ฟ๐ฟ๐บ๐พ๐ป๐ป๐ฟ๐ผ๐๐ธ๐ธ
Which population is likely to grow faster: one with a fertility rate of 4.2 or one with a fertility rate of 1.3?
population with 4.2๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐จ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ฉ๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ๐ง๐ปโ๐ฆฐ
A population pyramid with a very wide base usually indicates this.
high birth rate / large young population๐๐๐๐ฃโ ๏ธโฃ๏ธ๐๐๐๐ฌโฅ๏ธโฆ๏ธ๐๐๐ฌโฃ๏ธ๐ข๐๐ฌโฃ๏ธ๐ฃ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐โ ๏ธโฃ๏ธ
GDP divided by population gives this useful measure.
GDP per capita๐ผ๐งค๐โ๏ธ๐ข๐๐งณ๐งค๐๐๐โ๏ธ๐ข๐งฆ๐๐๐๐งฆ๐ก๐๐งฃ๐๐งข๐ ๐ฅป๐๐ฉณ๐ฉฒ๐ฆบ๐๐๐๐๐ข๐๐ฉด
This is the average number of years a person is expected to live.
life expectancy๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ฑ๐ฑ
In this stage, the death rate falls while the birth rate remains high, causing rapid population growth.
Stage 2๐๐ป๐ซณ๐ป๐๐ปโ๐ป๐ซด๐ป๐๐ปโ๐ป๐๐ป๐๐ป๐๐ป๐ค๐ป๐๐ป๐ค๐ป๐๐ปโ๐ป๐๐ป๐๐ป๐ซฐ๐ป๐๐ป๐๐ปโ๐ป๐๐ป๐๐ป๐๐ป๐ฆพ๐ซฑ๐ป๐ซต๐ป๐ฆถ๐ผ๐ฆต๐ป
Ethiopia has a fertility rate of roughly 3.8โ3.9 children per woman. What does this suggest about its population compared with a country with a fertility rate of 1.3?
higher fertility and greater potential for population growth๐๐โน๏ธ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐๐0๏ธโฃ2๏ธโฃ๐8๏ธโฃ7๏ธโฃ5๏ธโฃ๐ข*๏ธโฃ8๏ธโฃ3๏ธโฃ1๏ธโฃ7๏ธโฃ3๏ธโฃ๐ถ๐6๏ธโฃ8๏ธโฃ
A population pyramid with a narrow base and a large proportion of elderly people suggests this.
Ageing populationยฎ๏ธโ๐โใฐ๏ธโฟ๐๏ธโ๐จ๏ธโข๏ธโ๐โโฐ๐ใฐ๏ธ๐๐โ๐ฑ๐๏ธโ๐จ๏ธ๐๐๐๏ธโ๐จ๏ธ๐ฒ๐ฒ
Name TWO characteristics generally associated with more developed countries.
higher life expectancy and lower fertility/birth ratesโด๏ธ๐ฎโด๏ธ๐ธ๐ณโฃ๏ธโ๏ธ๐ณโข๏ธ๐ธ๐บโฃ๏ธโฃ๏ธ๐ท๏ธ๐ธโด๏ธ๐ธ๐ถโฃ๏ธ๐ณโฃ๏ธ๐ณ๐ด๐ถโฃ๏ธ๐ถโฃ๏ธ๐ถโฃ๏ธ๐ถ๐ธ๐ธโด๏ธ๐ธ๐ธ
A country has a birth rate of 30 and a death rate of 12. What is its natural increase?
what is 18 ๐ซฅ๐ค๐ณ๐ค๐ซก๐ถ๐ค๐ซข๐ซฅ๐คซ๐ซข๐ถ๐ซก๐ซ ๐๐ซฅ๐ซข๐ซฅ๐ฒ๐ฏ๐ซค
In this stage, both birth and death rates are low, so population growth is slow or stable.
Stage 4
Explain why a country can continue growing even after its birth rate starts falling.
because the birth rate can still be higher than the death rate, and a large young population can continue having children๐ ๐๏ธโฟ๏ธโ๏ธ๐พ๐๐ผ๐๐๐ค๐ณ๐๐บ๐๐น๐๏ธ๐ ฟ๏ธ๐ณ๐๐ ฟ๏ธ๐
A country has a very wide population-pyramid base. What does this tell you about its future population?
it has the potential for continued population growth because it has many young people who will eventually have families๐ง๐๐๐ฆ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐๐๐๐๐ข๐ง
Name THREE things that a rapidly growing population may put greater pressure on.
food, water, housing, energy, healthcare, schools, jobs, or other resources/infrastructure?๐๐๐๐โฃ๏ธ๐๐๐โค๏ธโ๐ฅ๐ค๐ค๐ฉต๐๐ฉถโค๏ธ๐ค๐๐๐ค๐ค๐ค๐๐ค๐โค๏ธโ๐ฅ๐ฉถ๐๐ค๐
A country has a birth rate of 8 and a death rate of 11. Is its population experiencing natural increase or natural decrease?
what is natural decrease๐ค๐ค๐ค๐ค๐ค๐ค๐ค๐ค๐ค๐ค
A country has a very low birth rate, and its birth rate is lower than its death rate. What can happen to its population?
population decline / natural decrease
A fertility rate around 2.1 is commonly associated with this concept, where a population can roughly replace one generation with the next.
replacement-level fertilityโ ๐โ๏ธ๐ณโณ๏ธโ ๐ฐโฟ๏ธโ๏ธ๐๐คโณ๏ธ๐ฏ๏ธโ ๏ธโ๏ธโ ๏ธโ๏ธ๐ต๐ญ๐๏ธโ๏ธใฝ๏ธ
A population pyramid has a narrow base, a large middle-aged population, and many elderly people. What demographic challenges could this country face?
an ageing population, fewer workers, and potentially population decline๐จ๐ท๐ฎ๐ด๐ง๐ถ๐จ๐ท๐จ๐ซ๐จ๐ฐ๐จ๐ด๐ง๐ถ๐ง๐ซ๐น๐ฉ๐จ๐ด๐จ๐ฑ๐ง๐ถ๐จ๐ด๐จ๐ฒ๐จ๐จ๐ป๐ฌ๐ง๐ฎ๐จ๐จ๐ง๐ซ๐ป๐ฌ๐ฐ๐ญ๐ง๐ฎ๐จ๐ฆ๐จ๐ฝ๐จ๐ผ๐ธ๐ฟ๐ช๐น๐ซ๐ฐ๐ซ๐ด๐ซ๐ฏ๐น๐ซ๐ฌ๐ซ๐ซ๐ท๐ซ๐ท
Why isnโt it accurate to say that population size is the ONLY thing determining a countryโs environmental impact?
consumption patterns and technology also affect how many resources are used and how much pollution is produced๐ฉ๐คซ๐ท๐ฏ๐ฒ๐ซฅ๐ซฃ๐ด๐ท๐ฒ๐ฏ๐ซ ๐ซฅ๐ฑ๐ค๐๐๐ช๐ค๐ค๐ฒ๐ค๐ฌ๐ตโ๐ซ๐ด๐ซฉ๐๐ค๐น