Migration
Name 3 advantages migration can have on the country of origin?
Migrants bring back new skills
Define the factors influencing settlements
Land (fertile soil), food supply, climate, nodal point (where routes converge), shelter
What is Urban Sprawl?
The spread of growth of an urban area into the rural-urban fringe.
What is the main difference between an ANEMOMETER and a WIND VANE?
An anemometer measures the wind SPEED, while a Wind Vane records wind DIRECTION
What is it called when a wave breaks and washes up the beach?
Swash
Name 5 factors that influence climate change:
latitude
distance from the sea
prevailing winds
ocean currents
altitude
What are the 2 types of erosion that occur in rivers?
Vertical erosion
Lateral erosion
What are the methods of water supplies?
Dams, reservoirs, wells, desalination, sewage treatment.
Explain why a drought can lead to food shortages.
Problems in agricolture and farming, more expensive food
Explain why the location of raw materials is an important factor when the site for a manufacturing industry is chosen.
Transportation of fresh raw materials, proximity to a material source
Describe problems that can be caused by active volcanoes.
Earthquakes, ash clouds (lead to deseases), pyroclastic flow, possibility of destruction, evacuation systems cast.
Name 6 features of a rainforest :
- Constant temperature (25° - 35° C)
- Rainfall all year round, with only slight variation
- High humidity
- The majority are in or close to the equatorial zone
- Hot air rises, causing low pressure
- Plants adapt to survive without light and large amounts of water
Explain how improvements in technology have contributed to globalization.
Use of telephone makes it easy to speak to suppliers/buyers
Internet advertising / online shopping
Internet enables communications
Reduced cost of international transport
Rapid movement of materials / products / people
Name 7 factors that influence coral reefs :
water salinity
water depth
temperature
sunlight
wave action
exposure to air
oxygen level
What are the impacts (pros/cons) of migration on native country?
Pros: migrants bring back new skills, decrease population density and pollution, increases quality of life and instruction.
Cons: labour force is reduced, taxation increases, brain drains occur, ageing population.
Define the main features of a squatter settlement.
A squatter settlement is a periferical or rural residential area which has developed without legal claims or permissions to build on the land.
What is the primary difference between the WET bulb from the DRY bulb in a Wet-dry Thermometer?
the WET bulb is covered with a fine cloth and connected to a water reservoir.
What is it called when the water drains back into the sea?
Backwash
Explain how and why animals and plants adapted to the hot desert climate
Animals such as camels developed humps to store water and fat. Plants as cacti have thin leaves and thorns to protect themselves from predators, but also to prevent from evapotranspiration. Animals and plants evolved to be able to survive even with extreme climate and lack of water.
Where do Vertical and Later erosion occur?
The former : in the Upper Course
The latter : in the Middle and Lower Courses
Name 6 causes of water shortages:
population growth
pollution
demand
sewage
climate change
mismanagement
Describe the methods used by commercial farmers to increase their outputs of crops and livestock.
Using fertilizers, massive irrigation, crop rotation, better machinery.
What is the difference between transnational corporation and multinational corporation.
Transnational corporations have factories spread all around the world.
Multinational corporations have an headquarter in a country that gives oreders to all the his factories.
Which could be the causes of eruptions?
At a constructive boundary, plates move away from eachother, magma rises to fill the gap.
At a destructive boundary, oceanic crust melts from friction and heat from the mantle; newly formed magma is lighter so it rises to the surface.
Find out reasons why a country might be overpopulated.
No access to education, no legal contracception, religious beliefs, need of workforce, gender inequality, not enough money and resources available.
What is the unit of measurement of a barometer?
Millibars (mb)
How are bays formed?
Due to differential erosion, the areas of soft rock are eroded more easily.
How can forestation be a cause of flooding?
Trees' roots absorb water and keep the land still, so the water does not erode it. Without them, it causes a river to erode its banks.
Describe 6 ways that the impacts of earthquakes can be reduced by humans.
- Build earthquake proof buildings
- Set up a warning system
- Set up emergency training services
- Create an evacuation plan
- Store emergency food supplies
- Prepare an earthquake kit
Why is the Stevenson Screen white?
Because white reflects the sun rather than absorbing its heat. Otherwise, this heat would impact the readings of the instruments inside the screen.
What are salt marshes?
Maritime habitats characterised by grasses, sedges, and other plants. (to be expanded)
Name and explain briefly all the processes of erosion. (2.6)
1 HYDRAULIC ACTION - waves crashing against the cliff (also air is trapped by a eave in a crack in the cliff)
2 ABRASION - occurs when smaller particles grind against the riverbed
3 CORROSION - acids dissolving minerals/weak rocks
4 ATTRITION - large particles such as boulders collide and break into smaller pieces
What is an "earthquake"?
: a sudden, violent shaking of the ground, followed by a series of vibrations or movements in the earth's crust
What is the definition of weather?
Weather is the combination of events that occur in the atmosphere like rainfall and humidity.
What are mangrove swamps?
They are trees and shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in tropics and subtropics.
What are the processes that act on a meander curve and where do they act?
DEPOSITION: inside the curve due to slower water flow (due to increased internal friction)
EROSION: outside the curve due to rapid water current
Compare a shield volcano and a cone (V-shaped) volcano.
-Shield: wider, low viscosity (runny lava), lower, gentle slope, frequent but low in magnitude eruptions;
-Cone: narrow, high viscosity, higher, steep slope, rare but strong eruptions;
Give examples of soft engineering and explain the flood management techniques.
RIVER RESTORATION: helps the river by restoring it back to its original regime.
WETLAND CONSERVATION: provide a place for water in excess to go
CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLANS: decrease the risk of flooding in an area
FLOOD PLAIN ZOONING: only certain land uses are allowed on the flood plain
AFFORESTATION:planting of vegetation and trees to increase interception and infiltration