Rocks and Minerals
Define a mineral.
A naturally occurring, inorganic, solid with a defined chemical composition and crystalline structure.
What is the flow of water through a river called?
Discharge
Explain the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources and give one example of each.
Non-renewable: Is used faster than it can be produced. Coal.
What type of plate boundary does not have volcanoes?
Transform.
What are the three regions of North Carolina?
Coastal, piedmont, and blue ridge/mountainous.
True or False: Mafic minerals are usually lighter in color than felsic minerals.
False.
Which type of eruption and volcano is the most dangerous?
Explosive eruption at a composite/stratovolcano.
What are four energy sources that do not involve fossil fuels?
Wind, solar, geothermal, turbine/dam
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
Divergent, convergent, transform.
Which region of North Carolina has the most resources?
Blue Ridge.
Bowen’s Reaction Series shows that ____minerals (like olivine) crystallize early at high temperatures.
Mafic
What are the two types of wave associated with earthquakes and which does more damage on the surface?
Body waves and surface waves. Surface waves do the most surface damage.
What is the difference between a precious metal and a base metal?
Precious metals: rare and valuable metallic elements that are used widely for industrial and monetary purposes in addition to adornment.
Base Metal: Common metals that tarnish easily in open air.
What is different between the plate motion at a divergent plate boundary and a convergent plate boundary?
Divergent: moves apart
Convergent: pushes together
What are the two collections of asteroids and the sphere of asteroids and comets called?
Main asteroid belt, Kuiper belt, Oort Cloud.
What conditions produce foliated metamorphic rocks and how are they different from a nonfoliated rock?
Foliated Rocks are formed from intense heat and pressure causing mineral banding where nonfoliated rocks have intense heat but lack the pressure to cause banding.
Compare porosity and permeability and explain how they relate to groundwater.
Porosity: The space inbetween grains of a rock or how much water a rock can hold.
Permeability: The ability for water to pass through.
Groundwater can be stored in aquifers where there is high porosity and permeability.
How is an ore deposit different than a mineral deposit?
An ore has significant profit associated with it.
What is the primary type of hazard at plate boundaries?
Earthquakes
What are the differences between the inner and outer planets?
Inner: small, rocky, hot
Outer: large, gas/ice, cold
Why is halite cube shaped?
Crystalline lattice, the way the atoms of the chemicals that make up halite are arranged.
Explain how earthquakes generate tsunamis.
The ground shifts when an earthquake ruptures, displacing the water (ocean) overtop of it.
What is the highest grade of coal and what does it form from?
Anthracite coal, plant matter.
What type of stress involves the hanging wall moving up and what is the fault type called?
Compressive stress, normal fault.
What are the characteristics of a comet versus an asteroid?
Comet: ice and dust outer Solar System
Asteroid: rocky inner solar system