Volcanoes
How many types of volcanoes are there?
3
What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?
A rock is bigger than a mineral and made from minerals. A mineral only has one substance.
What types of tests do we use to identify minerals?
1. texture
2. luster
3. streak
4. color
5. hardness
What are the tools that scientists have to do relative dating?
1. Superpositioning
2. Cross-cutting
Name the 3 types of volcanoes.
Shield volcanoes
Composite/strato volcanoes
Cinder cone volcanoes
What are the 3 categories of rocks?
Igneous Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
What is the scale that we use to measure the hardness of minerals?
Mohs scale
What is superpositioning?
A law that states that sedimentary rocks, the oldest rocks, are on the bottom.
What is a trait of shield volcanoes?
- They are shaped like a shield
- Hundreds of kilometers wide
- Located in Hawaii
How and where is each rock formed?
Metamorphic rocks: formed by great heat and pressure; formed in Earth's crust
Igneous rocks: formed by volcanoes; formed on the Earth's surface
Sedimentary rocks: formed by sediment compacting and becoming hard; formed in large bodies of water
What is luster when referring to a mineral?
The way the mineral's surface reflects in light (sparkly, dull, glassy)
What is relative dating?
When scientists scompare the ages of rocks or fossils to one another.
What is a trait of cinder cone volcanoes?
- Smaller than other volcanoes
- Very steep, bowl-shaped crater at the summit
What are the key features of igneous rocks?
- glass-like
- shiny
- holes and spaces in the rock
- salt, obsidian, pumice, granite
What is streak when referring to a mineral?
color of a mineral's powder
What is the law of cross-cutting?
A law that states if a geologic feature cuts through another, it is younger
What is a trait of stratovolcanoes?
- Can be found in the Pacific Ring of Fire
- Tall peaks
- Last eruption is in 1700s
- Mount Fuji is an example
What are the key features of metamorphic rocks?
- ribbon-like layers
- Examples include marble and gneiss
- shiny crystals
- if it melts, it turns into magma
What is hardness when referring to a mineral?
What are 3 main things that can disturb the rock layers?
1. Earthquakes
2. Magma
3. Erosion