Layers of the Earth
This is the correct order of Earth's layers starting from the outside and going inward
Crust, Mantle, Outer core, and Inner core
The name of the giant supercontinent that existed before the landmasses drifted apart.
Pangaea
This numerical scale measures the energy released by an earthquake
Richter Scale
This scale ranks minerals by their resistance to being scratched
Mohs Hardness Scale
What 2 things are needed to form a metamorphic rock?
Heat and Pressure
Which layer of the earth is completely liquid?
Outer Core
What kinds of geologic events are caused by transform boundaries?
Earthquakes
This geological event on the ocean floor is the primary trigger for most devastating tsunamis
Underwater Earthquake
The tendency of a mineral to break smoothly along flat, preferred planes.
Cleavage
What is the ONLY rock type that fossils can be found in?
Sedimentary
These are the two specific types of the Earth's crust
Oceanic crust and Continental crust
The scientist who first proposed the continental drift theory in 1912
Alfred Wegener
This fast current of superheated gas, ash, and rock can rush down a volcano at extreme speeds
Pyroclastic Flow
This softest mineral on the Mohs scale rates a "1" and is the main ingredient in baby powder.
Talc
What term describes sediments turning into rock?
Lithification
Why is the inner core solid even though it is the hottest layer?
There is too much pressure from all of the layers on top of it for it to melt
The circular heat-transfer process in the mantle that drives plate movement
Convection Currents
What is the difference between lava and magma?
Both are melted rock, but magma is found underground and lava is above ground
Bridgmanite
Igneous rocks high in magnesium and iron are called "mafic," while rocks rich in silicon and aluminum are called?
Felsic
These two primary metals make up the inner core
Iron and Nickel
A localized area where hot magma melts through the middle of a plate, far from a boundary
[DOUBLE POINTS] This chemical anomaly of a rare platinum group element found in 65 million year old rock layers provided key evidence for the Cretaceous asteroid impact.
Iridium Anomaly
Even though diamond and graphite are made of the exact same element (carbon), they have different properties because they have different what?
Crystal Structures
What "rocks" indicated the first presence of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere?
Stromatolites