Immigrants and Communities
What things drove African Americans to northern cities during the Great Migration?
Escape from Jim Crow Laws and industrial jobs
Growing corporations created managerial and clerical jobs that expanded which social class?
The middle class.
Who promoted the Gospel of Wealth?
Andrew Carnegie.
Which movement applied Christian ethics to poverty, labor rights, and social justice?
The Social Gospel movement.
What does “women’s suffrage” mean?
Women’s right to vote
Which immigrant groups does our assessment identify as moving to American cities during industrialization?
Immigrants from China, southern Europe, and eastern Europe.
Name two examples of middle class work.
Manager, clerk, accountant, secretary, typist, or office assistant.
What responsibility did the Gospel of Wealth assign to wealthy people?
A moral duty to use their fortunes to benefit society.
Which political movement defended rural interests and challenged concentrated corporate power?
The Populist movement or Populist Party.
Why was the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 significant?
It was a major early event in the women’s rights movement, including the demand for voting rights.
What is an ethnic enclave, and how did San Francisco’s Chinatown demonstrate its cultural purpose?
A neighborhood sharing an ethnic or cultural background. Chinatown preserved and celebrated Chinese heritage, customs, and traditions.
What amusement destination symbolized middle-class recreational culture during the Gilded Age?
Coney Island.
What is philanthropy?
Giving money or resources to help others or support public benefit.
Who wrote Looking Backward, and what kind of future did it envision?
Edward Bellamy; a utopian future based on cooperation and equality.
How did women’s colleges such as Bryn Mawr expand opportunities for women?
They opened educational and professional opportunities and supported greater participation in political and public life.
Why did immigrants establish mutual aid societies? Give two needs these organizations helped meet.
To support newcomers; help with housing, employment, financial hardship, or cultural preservation.
How did mass production and department stores contribute to middle-class consumer culture?
Mass production made many goods more affordable; department stores offered a wide variety of goods to shoppers.
Name three types of institutions that benefited from Gilded Age philanthropy.
Libraries, universities, and museums or other cultural institutions.
Why did farmers support movements challenging corporate consolidation?
They believed concentrated corporate power disadvantaged farmers and gave large businesses too much influence over rural livelihoods.
Which organization did Frances Willard lead, and what was its central reform concern?
The Women’s Christian Temperance Union, or WCTU; temperance, meaning reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption.
Explain how industrial cities could offer opportunities to newcomers while also creating social tension.
Industrial jobs attracted newcomers, but competition for jobs contributed to resentment and tension between newcomers and established residents.
Explain the connection between corporate jobs, disposable income, and leisure activities
Corporate employment helped some families earn stable incomes. Money remaining after necessities could be spent on entertainment, recreation, and consumer goods.
A wealthy industrialist funds a public library. Explain how this reflects the Gospel of Wealth and creates a lasting impact.
It uses wealth for society’s benefit. The library can provide education and access to books for generations.
What common concern linked the Populists and the Social Gospel movement? Explain how their approaches differed
Both addressed inequality and community welfare. Populists emphasized farmers’ interests and political or economic reform; Social Gospel supporters applied Christian ethics to social problems.
How did the WCTU connect temperance to broader reform, and what did this mean for women’s public roles?
It also supported women’s rights and labor reforms, giving women opportunities to organize, advocate, and participate in public life.