People in the Progressive Era
This journalist and author exposed corruption and unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry with The Jungle, helping spur food-safety reforms.
Who is Upton Sinclair
The 1906 federal law that required accurate labeling of food and drugs and led to regulatory oversight of consumer goods.
What is the Pure Food and Drug Act.
The late-19th-century political party that grew out of agrarian discontent and advocated for bimetallism and regulation of railroads.
What is the Populist Party.
Rapid growth of cities in the late 19th/early 20th centuries led to crowded housing called these, often associated with poverty and disease.
What are Tenements.
Between 1880 and 1920, millions arrived at this New York harbor entry point; its famous processing station opened in 1892.
What is Ellis Island.
Founder of the Hull House in Chicago who championed social work, immigrant aid, and urban reform.
Who is Jane Addams
This constitutional amendment, ratified in 1913, allowed Congress to levy a federal income tax.
What is the 16th amendment. (Federal income tax)
Farmers’ alliances and the Populist Party pushed for this monetary policy (favoring silver) to increase the money supply and relieve debtors.
What is free silver.
These privately run, often corrupt organizations controlled local politics and services in many cities; Tammany Hall is the best-known example. What are they called?
What are political bosses.
Many new immigrants settled in ethnic neighborhoods and relied on this local, often church-affiliated, institution for mutual assistance
What are Settlement houses
This African American leader believed in vocational education and accommodation to segregation while working to improve economic opportunities for Black Americans.
Who is Booker T. Washington
The 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act aimed to curb this economic practice where large firms control prices and limit competition.
What is a Monopoly.
This cooperative agricultural organization helped farmers negotiate better prices and fight middlemen
What is The Grange.
The movement to design cities more efficiently and beautify public spaces—championed by reformers like Frederick Law Olmsted
What is City Beautiful movement.
This 1882 federal law excluded a specific national group from immigrating to the United States
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act
Called a “muckraker,” this photographer and writer’s book How the Other Half Lives documented tenement conditions in New York City.
Who is Jacob Riis.
This 1914 law strengthened antitrust measures and allowed the government to pursue "unfair methods of competition" and protected labor unions from antitrust actions. (Name the act.)
What is the Clayton Antitrust Act.
Name one economic problem—besides low crop prices—that galvanized farmers to organize in the Gilded Age
What is high freight rates/railroad abuse, debt and high interest rates, lack of credit, middlemen taking profits.
This 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago influenced the City Beautiful movement and showcased American urban progress; name the event.
What is The World's Columbian Exposition
Progressive-era nativists supported literacy tests and other restrictions; name one social or political reason they gave for limiting immigration.
What is fear of job competition, racial/ethnic prejudice, belief immigrants were politically radical (anarchists/socialists), concerns about assimilability.
This suffragist and reformer helped found the National American Woman Suffrage Association and later led state-by-state campaigns for voting rights.
Who is Susan B. Anthony
Progressive reformers used the initiative, referendum, and recall to increase this form of government participation at the state level—what is it?
What is Direct Democracy
In the 1896 election, this Populist-backed candidate fused with Democrats to challenge the gold-standard platform; who was he?
Who is William Jennings Bryan.
Name two public health or infrastructure reforms urban progressives advocated to address problems caused by rapid urbanization.
What is improved sanitation/sewage systems, building codes, public parks, paved streets, public health departments; any two acceptable.
Explain how industrial employers and immigrant communities interacted in the Gilded Age workforce—give two distinct ways immigrants contributed to or were exploited by industrial growth.
Who are Immigrants supplied cheap labor essential to factories and infrastructure; formed ethnic enclaves and provided labor organizers—but faced exploitation via low wages, unsafe working conditions, and employment discrimination.