Industrial Growth
Factory jobs attract thousands of people from farms to cities. What process does this describe?
Urbanization
One company controls an entire market and can strongly influence prices. What is this called?
Monopoly
Workers organize because they believe negotiating together gives them more influence. What organization do they form?
Labor union
A family leaves its homeland because of religious persecution. Is persecution a push factor or a pull factor?
Push factor
Many working-class families lived in crowded, poorly maintained apartment buildings. What were these buildings called?
Tenements
Railroads and construction companies benefit when steel becomes cheaper to manufacture. Which process helped cause this change?
Bessemer process
An oil company purchases competing oil companies to reduce competition. Which strategy is it using?
Horizontal integration
Employees stop working to pressure an employer into improving wages or conditions. What tactic are they using?
Strike
Newcomers settle together to maintain familiar languages, religions, and traditions. What type of neighborhood develops?
Ethnic enclave
A newcomer needs English classes and help finding employment. Which neighborhood institution could provide both?
Settlement house
A manufacturer has workers and raw materials but needs investors to finance machinery. Which factor of production is missing?
Capital
A steelmaker wants to control its supplies and transportation costs. Which strategy would allow it to accomplish both goals?
Vertical integration
An owner can resist union demands because the factory continues producing during a walkout. Which group most likely makes this possible?
Replacement workers
A school encourages immigrant children to adopt English and dominant American customs. Which movement does this represent?
Americanization
A reformer argues that Christian teachings require improving conditions for people living in poverty. Which movement does this reflect?
Social Gospel
A historian argues that immigration and industrialization reinforced one another. Immigrants supplied factories with which factor of production?
Labor
An industrialist builds libraries and funds schools, but critics point to his treatment of workers. Which label would supporters use to emphasize his contributions to society?
Captain of industry
One historian emphasizes an industrialist’s charitable donations. Another emphasizes exploitation and political manipulation. Which label best fits the second interpretation?
Robber baron
An immigrant faces harsh questioning and lengthy detention after arriving near San Francisco. Which processing station best fits this experience?
Angel Island
A city official gives a public contract to a business that secretly pays him. What term describes this use of political influence for personal gain?
Graft
A historian claims that industrial expansion happened entirely through private investment. Which government assistance to railroad companies provides the strongest counterexample?
Federal land grants
A business leader supports laissez-faire, but Congress decides that combinations restricting trade require federal intervention. Which law represents this challenge to limited regulation?
Sherman Antitrust Act
An industrialist argues that business failures and unequal wealth are natural because competition rewards the strongest. Which ideology provides the justification for both claims?
Social Darwinism
A student claims that the Statue of Liberty’s welcoming message describes federal treatment of every immigrant group. Which 1882 law most directly challenges that claim?
Chinese Exclusion Act
An immigrant family knows that a political organization is corrupt but depends on it for food, housing, and employment. What exchange explains the organization’s continued political support?
Services for votes