Genetics
This syndrome has a 5p deletion
Cri-du-chat
This gram-negative coccobacillus has a polysaccharide capsule, causes meningitis, epiglottitis, and otitis media, and is targeted by the Hib vaccine.
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
These three things make up our innate immunity
physical barriers, immune cells, chemical modulators
What are the two major external ear disorders caused by Pseudomonas
Malignant Otitis Externa
This vaccine is associated with an infection that can cause "immune amnesia"
MMR
A 6-year-old boy presents with developmental delays, an unusually friendly and talkative personality with strangers ("cocktail party" demeanor), and a strong affinity for music. Genetic testing reveals a microdeletion on chromosome 7. What classic endocrine abnormality (causing polyendocrinopathy) and cardiovascular complication are associated with this syndrome?
What are Hypercalcemia (endocrine) and Vascular/Aortic Stenosis (cardiovascular)
M proteins and peptidase
This innate immune cell creates the phagolysosome
Neutrophils
These bacteria are common etiology for Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
S. pneumo
H. flu
M. cat
A 28-year-old pregnant woman presents for routine prenatal care at 30 weeks gestation. She received Tdap during her last pregnancy 3 years ago. Which of the following is the most appropriate recommendation?
A. No vaccination is needed because she previously received Tdap
B. Give Td instead of Tdap
C. Administer Tdap during this pregnancy
D. Wait until postpartum
12-year-old boy presents with progressive liver disease, tremor, gait ataxia, and joint pain. Diagnostic labs confirm decreased serum ceruloplasmin and elevated 24-hour urinary copper excretion. What is a missing, yet KEY, PE exam finding in this patient?
Kayser-Flesicher Ring
A 28-year-old pregnant woman is reviewing recommended vaccines. She asks which vaccine helps protect her newborn against a respiratory infection caused by a gram-negative coccobacillus whose virulence factors include filamentous hemagglutinin and pertactin.
Tdap
These two bacteria are common causers of recurrent/severe infections of the ears, sinuses, and lungs
Streptococcus pnenumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
oral: hyperkeratosis of mucosa in response to irritant (white lesion that won't scrape off.. biopsy if its acting sus)
hairy: raised white acreas with corrugated surface on lateral border of tongue. Induced by EBV. Common finding in HIV.
Unlike Pneumovax 23, these pneumococcal conjugate vaccines generate a T-cell dependent immune response, leading to immune memory and maturation of the B-cell response.
Prevnar (PCV13/20), Vaxneuvance (PCV15), or Capvaxive (PCV21)
This is the treatment for Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Restrict BCAA intake, give thiamine, gene therapy
A 42-year-old man with functional asplenia presents for preventive care. Which encapsulated organism places him at particularly high risk for overwhelming infection and is specifically covered by routine adult vaccination recommendations?
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Deficiency in this, would lead to increased susceptibility for C. albicans and S. aureus infectinos
phagocytic immune deficiency state (neutrophils and macrophages)
A 19-year-old college student presents with fever, pharyngitis, profound fatigue, posterior and anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. A provider mistakenly prescribes amoxicillin, after which the patient develops a diffuse rash. Which infection is most likely?
Infectious mononucleosis
A 20-year-old college student with functional asplenia requires meningococcal B vaccination. He receives his first dose of Bexsero. Which of the following is true regarding completion of the series?
A. The second dose may be either Bexsero or Trumenba
B. A different MenB vaccine increases immunogenicity
C. The same vaccine product must be used for all doses
D. No booster doses are recommended
This metabolic disorder presenting with IDD, seizures, hypothermia, loose skin, and hyperpigmented hair would display what type of characteristics on a pedigree?
Menke's Disease
- males more affected than females
- female carries common
- no father to son passage - skipped generations
This catalase negative bacteria uses the virulence factors: M-proteins/peptidase and Streptolysin O to evade the immune system
S. pyogenes
- decreased opsonization for phagocytic cells (C3b), trouble recruiting neutrophils to trigger inflammation (C3), trouble with B-lymphocyte recognition (C3D) AND increased H. flu and S. pneumo infections.
A 52-year-old man with a history of tobacco and alcohol use presents with a persistent red ulcerated lesion on the lateral tongue that has been present for over 1 month. Which diagnosis should be considered most concerning?
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
A 63-year-old healthcare worker previously completed a hepatitis B vaccine series. Laboratory testing demonstrates no detectable anti-HBs antibodies. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
A. No further evaluation because immunity is lifelong
B. Restart the original vaccine series from the beginning
C. Evaluate for HBV infection or administer a second vaccine series, then recheck titers
D. Administer annual hepatitis B boosters
Evaluate for HBV infection or administer a second vaccine series, then recheck titers