Enlightenment
French Rev / Latin American Revs
Nationalism & Unification
Industrial Revolution
Imperialism
100
These are the 3 "natural rights" that John Locke believed every person was entitled to.
What are life, liberty and property.
100
Who was the absolute monarch ruling France before (and during the beginning) of the French Revolution?
Who is Louis XIV.
100
Define NATIONALISM.
What is feelings of strong devotion to or pride in one's country.
100
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why?
Great Britain has an abundance of the natural resources needed for industrialization, such as iron ore and coal. Britain also had access to many navigable rivers and natural harbors which provided for the easy movement of goods both within the country, and overseas.
100
Define IMPERIALISM.
What is when a strong nation takes over a weaker nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life.
200
Montesquieu believed in this...
What is separation of powers! (3 branches of government)
200
Which radical leader took over the revolution and began a time period known as the Reign of Terror? BONUS: Describe the Reign of Terror.
Who is Robbespierre.
200
What is the name of Otto von Bismark's policy of unification? BONUS: What nation did he unify?
What is Blood and Iron.
200
Define URBANIZATION.
People moved to towns and cities to be closer to the factories.
200
Where did the Sepoy Mutiny occur and why?
In the mid-1800s, the British army in India included a large number of Indian soldiers, or Sepoys. After a dispute over religious beliefs, the Sepoys revolted against the British army and eventually ended the conflict through use of force. This resulted in the British government officially taking control of India, making it a colony.
300
This Enlightenment thinker believed in FREEDOM OF SPEECH
Who is Voltaire.
300
Provide the names of TWO leaders of Latin American Independence movements.
Who are Simon Bolivar, Toussaint L'Overture, Jose De San Martin...
300
Describe the policy of Blood and Iron.
This was a policy of war designed to give Prussia control of all of Germany. (UNIFY) Blood = War ; Iron = Industrialization
300
How did the AGRARIAN REVOLUTION help lead to the Industrial Revolution?
The agrarian revolution was a change in farming methods that led to a greater production of food. This revolution was fueled by the use of new farming technology (i.e. seed drill and improved fertilizers). This led to a population explosion due to the higher availability of food. Also, the Enclosure Movement (the consolidation of many small farms into one large farm) left many people jobless and homeless. These people would provide the workforce of the Industrial Revolution.
300
What is the Meiji Restoration?
What is a process of rapid modernization and industrialization to strengthen Japan against Western control. Within a few short years, Japan became a strong industrial and military power, and began a series of military conquests across Asia.
400
"Horrible Hobbes" believed that people were too greedy & selfish to govern themselves. Therefore, he was not a supporter of the Enlightenment and believed that governments should remain the same. He supported the idea of ____ ____?
What are absolute monarchs.
400
What is the Congress of Vienna?
What is an attempt to restore "BALANCE OF POWER" to Europe after the revolution and Napoleons conquests. Monarchies were restored throughout Europe in order to "turn back the clock" to more traditional times.
400
Who is Guiseppe Garibaldi? (What did he do, where did he do it, etc.)
Who is a military leader whose Red Shirt army liberated most of southern Italy, before conquering the northern section.
400
Describe one economic effect of the Industrial Revolution.
Mass Production: The use of the Factory System allowed for mass production of textiles and other goods. This shifted people from production at home (Put Out System) to production in large factories in cities. Mass production allowed for lower prices on the good produced. Big Business: As the Industrial Revolution grew, so did business. To meet the needs of this growth, business owners sold shares of their companies to stockholders who would share the profits and losses. The influx of capital allowed business to grow into corporations that had dealing in many different areas. Laissez-Faire Economics: This was an economic philosophy begun by Adam Smith in his book, Wealth of Nations, that stated that business and the economy would run best with no interference from the government. This economic system dominated most of the Industrial Revolution.
400
Describe "The White Man's Burden".
As Europeans took over foreign lands, they viewed the culture of the native population to be inferior to their own. This concept became know as “The White Man’s Burden” after a popular poem by the same name was published by Rudyard Kipling in 1899. Some interpreted this poem to mean that it was the duty of imperializing nations to bring western culture and sensibility to the savage native populations that were encountered in far off lands.
500
Explain, in your own words, what the Age of Enlightenment was all about.
What is an attempt to explain the purpose of government, and describe the best form of it. The Enlightenment changed the way people lived because political and social scholars began to question the workings of society and government, while rejecting traditional ideas.
500
Explain the class system in France before the French Revolution. (Hint: 3 Estates)
What are 3 Estates --> 1st-clergy, 2nd-nobles, 3rd-peasants. The 3rd Estate, which constituted 98% of the population, had the fewest rights, the least amount of land, and the heaviest tax burden. (bourgeoisie = middle class, educated; part of 3rd estate. This social class spread Enlightenment ideas throughout France.) Careless spending by upper class.
500
Explain how Nationalism may lead to unification and well as divisive feelings.
Nationalism helps to unify people of common roots/backgrounds. It also may lead to feelings of ETHNOCENTRISM, where one ethnic group may feel superior to others, resulting in conflict.
500
Define COMMUNISM. BONUS: Who created this theory?
Karl Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.
500
What are the Opium Wars?
Britain imported opium, processed from poppy plants grown in the Crown Colony of India, into China. Chinese officials attempted to ban the importation of the highly addictive opium, but ultimately failed. The British declared war on China in a series of conflicts called the Opium Wars. Superior British military technology allowed them to claim victory and subject the Chinese to a series of unequal treaties. (Ultimately led to "Spheres of Influence" in China)
M
e
n
u