Unit 1
This movement emphasized classical learning, individual achievement, and human potential.
Humanism
This exchange transferred crops, animals, diseases, and people between the Old and New Worlds.
Columbian Exchange
This French king declared, “I am the state.”
Louis XIV
John Locke argued people were born with these rights.
Natural rights
Members of this estate paid the highest taxes in France.
Third Estate
Martin Luther posted this document criticizing Church abuses in 1517.
95 Theses
This disease devastated Indigenous populations in the Americas.
Smallpox
A French king built this palace to display royal power and control nobles.
Palace of Versailles
This scientist proposed the heliocentric theory.
Nicolaus Copernicus
This event symbolized the start of the French Revolution in 1789.
Storming of the Bastille
This invention helped spread Reformation ideas quickly across Europe.
Printing Press
Spanish conquerors like Cortés and Pizarro were known by this term.
Conquistadors
This idea claimed monarchs ruled by God’s authority.
Divine Right
Montesquieu believed government power should be divided in this way.
Separation of powers
This form of execution and weapon was used to kill thousands of French citizens.
Guillotine
Henry VIII created this church after breaking from the Catholic Church.
Church of England
This brutal voyage transported enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean.
Middle Passage
This Russian ruler westernized Russia and founded St. Petersburg.
Peter the Great
Adam Smith supported this economic system with little government interference.
This document proclaimed liberty and equality in revolutionary France.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
The phrase “Cuius regio, eius religio”? comes from what political agreement?
Peace of Augsburg
This economic system measured national wealth by gold, silver, and favorable trade balances.
Mercantilism
This document in 1215 was signed after the Glorious Revolution and limited the British Monarch's power.
Magna Carta
This female Enlightenment thinker argued women deserved equal education.
Mary Wollstonecraft
This military leader seized power in the Coup of 18 Brumaire.
Napoleon Bonaparte