Colombian Exchange
Diseases introduced by migrating Europeans were exceptionally deadly to indigenous American populations primarily because native communities lacked this.
What is immunity (or biological immunity to unfamiliar diseases)?
This leader is credited with uniting several nomadic tribes to form the vast Mongol Empire.
Who is Genghis Khan?
In the 13th and 14th centuries, the goods exchanged along the Silk Road were predominantly of this type.
What are luxury items?
OR
What are low weight/high value?
These European conquerors were ultimately responsible for bringing both the Aztec and Inca empires to an end.
Who are Spanish conquistadors?
Despite the expansion of global trade networks by 1750, most people around the world still sustained themselves through this daily activity.
What is farming (or subsistence agriculture)?
Following the Columbian Exchange, this American crop became a major staple crop across Afro-Eurasia.
What is the potato?
Unlike many contemporary conquerors, the Mongols maintained this specific policy regarding religious beliefs across their empire.
What is religious tolerance (or freedom of religion)?
Merchants along Indian Ocean trade routes relied heavily on these seasonal winds that predictably changed direction at different times of the year.
What are monsoon winds?
Used by the Inca for record-keeping and administrative accounting, this pre-Columbian artifact consisted of a series of knotted strings.
What is a quipu?
The introduction of European crops and animals damaged American ecosystems primarily by destroying native habitats and killing off these.
What are indigenous (or native) plant species?
The introduction of these two domesticated European animals altered indigenous American agriculture and transportation the most.
What are horses and cattle?
Although social hierarchy was important in the Ottoman Empire, people could still gain social power through this system rather than strict birthright.
What is merit (a merit-based system)?
Despite being the world's largest desert, this geographic region hosted key trade routes linking distant societies in Africa.
What is the Sahara Desert?
Prior to the Columbian Exchange, indigenous Americans relied predominantly on this method for long-distance water transportation.
What are canoes?
A 1348 eyewitness account written by Abu Hafs Umar ibn al-Wari describing the plague is classified by historians as this type of evidence.
What is a primary source?
This name is given to the middle "leg" of the transatlantic slave trade that forcibly transported millions of enslaved Africans across the ocean to the Americas.
What is the Middle Passage?
The Tokugawa shoguns of Japan solidified their political power primarily by taking control of these two economic processes.
What are production and distribution?
In the 14th century, the movement of merchants, rats, and fleas along this trade network caused the Black Death to spread faster and farther.
What is the Silk Road?
In addition to tribute, the Inca required citizens to pay a tax through this unique method for a portion of each year.
What is working as laborers on construction/state projects (the mita system)?
Unlike the centralized kingdoms in West Africa, coastal societies in East Africa were organized into these autonomous political entities.
What are city-states?
The mass cultivation of single cash crops (such as sugar or tobacco) on large plantations led to this type of farming practice in the Americas.
What is monoculture?
Around 1750, Mughal emperors faced external threats from nearby rivals and from these foreign traders taking profits from regional trade.
Who are Europeans (or European traders / East India Companies)?
Historians use this nautical phrase to describe 14th-century Afro-Eurasian trade networks because the connected trading centers resembled a chain of islands.
What is an "archipelago of trade"?
In the global economy of the 16th to 18th centuries, the primary economic role of the Americas was supplying vast amounts of these to Europe.
What are raw materials?
OR
What are cash crops?
Although transatlantic slavery was an economic endeavor, proponents attempt to rationalize the system using these two fields.
What are religion and science?