Properties of Matter
What are the three common states of matter you can see every day?
Solids, liquids, gases
What causes day and night on Earth?
Earth Rotation on its Axis
Define Weathering
Breaking down of rock into smaller pieces.
Name three common types of fossil fuels.
Coal, Oil ( Petroleum), Natural Gas
What is energy?
The ability to do work or cause change.
What property describes whether an object can sink or float?
Density
What causes the length and direction of shadows to change during the day?
Sun’s position changes angle as Earth rotates. The sun doesn't move but since the earth rotates it changes throughout the day.
What is Erosion?
Movement of weathered rock or soil by wind, water, or ice.
Where do fossil fuels come from?
From ancient buried plants and animals that were altered over millions of years.
What is a force?
A push or a pull
What Property of Matter determines how much space an object takes up?
Volume ( mL.)
Why do we have the pattern of seasons?
The earth revolves ( orbits around the sun) the position of earth dictates the season we experience.
What is Deposition, Give an example.
Deposition is dropping of sediment; example: sand forming a beach.
Briefly describe the general process that turns ancient plant and animal matter into fossil fuels
Buried organic material is heated and compressed over long time, forming fossil fuels.
Explain how light energy from the Sun becomes energy stored in plants
It becomes photosynthesis
Explain how the particles are arranged in a solid versus a gas.
Solids: particles packed tightly, vibrate in place. Gases: particles far apart, move freely.
Name the 4 seasons, and describe what happens to our days.
Winter- Shortest amount of daylight hours
Spring- amount of time we get sunlight starts to increase
Summer- Longest daylight hours
Fall- Amount of daylight hours decrease
What is the difference between compaction & Cementation
Compaction squeezes sediments together; cementation glues them into rock.
Compare coal and natural gas in how they are formed and one difference in how they are used.
Coal forms mainly from plant material in swamps; natural gas forms from microscopic organisms and plant/animal matter under higher heat; coal is often burned for electricity, gas for heating/cooking.
What does it mean if forces on an object add up to zero, or there is no change in the position of an object?
Forces acting on the object are balanced
1 spoon and 1 bag of 10 wooden blocks are dropped into water. One sinks and the other one floats. Which did what and why?
Spoon sinks bag of blocks float because of density. Even if there are less spoons than blocks, the spoon is made of metal which has greater density than water.
How does the moon’s orbit around Earth relate to the pattern of moon phases?
Moon orbits Earth causing phases as different portions are lit from our view.
Give a real-world example that shows how weathering, erosion, and deposition work together to change a coastline or riverbank.
Example: River erodes banks upstream, carries sediment, deposits it where the water slows, changing the coastline over time.
Name one reason burning fossil fuels affects Earth’s atmosphere.
Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can warm the atmosphere
Describe how contact forces and non-contact forces are different; give one example of each.
Contact force: friction (touching surfaces). Non-contact force: gravity or magnetism (act at a distance).