Geography
Because much of this civilization was covered by rugged mountains, communities often developed separately from one another.
What was Ancient Greece?
This city-state became famous for developing a direct democracy.
What is Athens?
Greek city-states united to fight this powerful empire during the Persian Wars.
What was the Persian Empire?
This philosopher encouraged students to examine their beliefs through questioning and discussion.
Who was Socrates?
After conquering the rival kingdoms of China in 221 B.C., this ruler became known as the First Emperor.
Who was Shi Huangdi?
Greece is located on this type of landform, which is surrounded by water on three sides.
What is a peninsula?
Citizens of this city-state spent much of their lives preparing for military service.
What is Sparta?
According to legend, a messenger ran to Athens after the Greek victory in this battle.
What was the Battle of Marathon?
This student of Socrates recorded many of his teacher's ideas and later founded the Academy.
Who was Plato?
Thousands of life-sized clay soldiers, horses, and chariots buried near Shi Huangdi's tomb make up this archaeological discovery.
What is the Terracotta Army?
These two rivers provided water and fertile soil that supported most farming in Ancient China.
What are the Yellow River and Yangtze River?
During Athens's Golden Age, this leader expanded democracy and supported construction projects like the Parthenon.
Who was Pericles?
Greek naval forces won a decisive victory over Persia at this battle fought in a narrow strait.
What was the Battle of Salamis?
This philosopher taught Alexander the Great and made important contributions to science, logic, and government.
Who was Aristotle?
Lasting about 400 years, this dynasty is often considered a Golden Age because of its stability, innovation, and trade.
What was the Han Dynasty?
To reduce damage from frequent flooding, Chinese farmers built these embankments along rivers.
What are dikes?
This Spartan king became a symbol of courage after leading a vastly outnumbered force against the Persians at Thermopylae.
Who was Leonidas I?
This long conflict between Athens and Sparta weakened Greece and left it vulnerable to outside conquest.
What was the Peloponnesian War?
Living during the Warring States Period, this Chinese thinker believed society would improve if people acted morally and fulfilled their duties.
Who was Confucius?
Silk, paper, and iron goods traveled west along this network of trade routes, while ideas and inventions entered China from other regions.
What was the Silk Road?
For centuries, these geographic barriers helped isolate China from civilizations such as India, Egypt, and Rome.
What are mountains and deserts?
Although Athens is known as the birthplace of democracy, this group was excluded from voting despite making up much of the population.
Who were women, enslaved people, and non-citizens?
After conquering Greece, Egypt, Persia, and lands into Asia, this ruler helped spread Greek culture across a vast empire.
Who was Alexander the Great?
Compiled after Confucius's death, this collection preserved his teachings and became one of the most influential texts in Chinese history.
What are The Analects?
The Han government based many civil service examinations on the teachings of this philosophy, which emphasized education, duty, and respect for authority.
What was Confucianism?