Democracy and Government
National Symbols
Healing in South Africa
Medical Pioneers
Surgery and the Heart Transplant
100

Rule by the people, where citizens choose their leaders by voting.

Democracy
100

Our national anthem joins Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika with this other song.

Die Stem van Suid-Afrika
100
This healer speaks to the ancestors to find out what is making someone ill.
A diviner (sangoma)
100
Edward Jenner's vaccine protected people from this deadly disease.
Smallpox
100
In 1847 James Simpson found that chloroform could be used for this purpose in operations.
As an anaesthetic, to stop patients feeling pain
200

South Africa held its first democratic election in this year, and this man became president.

1994; Nelson Mandela
200
This bird on the Coat of Arms is a symbol of protection.
The secretary bird
200
This healer makes medicine from plants, roots and bark.
A herbalist (inyanga)
200
Jenner noticed that milkmaids who caught this mild cow disease did not get smallpox.
Cowpox
200
Joseph Lister cleaned and sterilised everything used in operations because he believed this caused infected wounds.
Germs
300

After you vote, this is marked on your thumbnail so you can't vote twice.

Permanent (indelible) ink
300

The Coat of Arms motto means "people who are different join together." How does the national anthem show this?

It is sung in several languages, so it brings different groups together in one song.

300
A herbalist must be careful with the candelabra plant because this part of its bulb is poisonous.
The inner part of the bulb (the outer scales are used to clean wounds)
300
This French scientist proved that germs cause disease and showed that heating wine killed them.
Louis Pasteur
300
Röntgen discovered these by accident, and they let surgeons see broken bones and tumours inside the body.
X-rays
400
The party with the most MPs forms the government. What are the other parties called, and what is their job?
The opposition. They question and check the government.
400
This flower sits at the top of the Coat of Arms.
The protea
400
This kind of healing treats the whole person: body, mind and spirit.
Holistic healing
400
This German doctor found the bacteria that cause TB in 1882.
Robert Koch
400
In a blood transfusion, why must the patient be given matching blood?
The wrong blood reacts with the patient's blood and can kill them.
500

This is the supreme law of South Africa, and Parliament may not make laws that go against it.

The Constitution
500
Why was it important to join two old songs into one national anthem?
One was a struggle song and the other was the apartheid-era anthem. Joining them showed unity and reconciliation.
500
Name one indigenous South African plant that Western companies use to make medicine, and say what it is used to treat.
Any one of: Pelargonium (coughs and chest infections), Hoodia (appetite), Sutherlandia (general health)
500
Alexander Fleming's penicillin in 1928 was a bigger step than vaccines. Why?
It was the first antibiotic. It can cure people who are already sick, while vaccines only prevent illness.
500
This South African surgeon led the first heart transplant in 1967. Name him and the machine that did the work of the heart and lungs during the operation.
Dr Christiaan Barnard; the heart-lung machine (Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town)
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