Persian Kings
This Persian king is often called the founder of the Persian Empire and conquered the Medes.
Cyrus The Great
These were the provinces into which the Persian Empire was divided.
Satrapies
This Macedonian king conquered and united many Greek city-states before his son continued his expansion.
Philip II
This city-state was famous for its powerful military society.
Sparta
This famous battle in 490 BCE was fought between the Athenians and the Persians.
Battle of Marathon
Cyrus the Great was known for allowing conquered peoples to keep many of their own customs and religions. What does this suggest about his method of ruling?
He used tolerance to help govern his empire.
A governor who ruled a satrapy was called a ___.
A satrap
Philip II strengthened the Macedonian army by using this long spear.
Sarissa
This city-state became famous for democracy, philosophy, art and education.
Athens
At this naval battle in 480 BCE, the Greeks defeated a much larger Persian fleet.
Battle of Salamis
This Persian king expanded the empire and organized it into provinces called satrapies.
Darius The Great
Why did Persian kings divide their empire into satrapies?
To make governing a large empire easier.
This military formation used rows of soldiers carrying long sarissas.
Phalanx
Spartan society placed a particularly strong emphasis on this aspect of life.
Military Training
This alliance was led by Athens and was originally created to continue fighting against Persia.
Delian League
Darius improved communication across his empire by developing this famous road system.
The Royal Road
Satraps collected this from the people of their provinces for the Persian government.
Taxes
Philip II's son became famous for conquering the Persian Empire and creating one of the largest empires of the ancient world.
Alexander The Great
Athens developed this form of government in which citizens participated directly in political decisions.
Democracy
This long conflict was fought mainly between Athens and Sparta and their allies.
Peloponnesian War
Darius organized the Persian Empire more systematically than Cyrus by creating provinces, appointing governors, collecting taxes and improving communication. What was the main purpose of these reforms?
To make the huge empire easier to control and administer.
Darius used officials and inspectors to monitor satraps. Why was this important?
It helped the king maintain control and prevent governors from becoming too independent.
Alexander's conquests spread Greek language and culture across Egypt, Persia and parts of Asia. What name is given to this period of cultural interaction?
The Hellenistic Age
Give one major difference between Athens and Sparta.
Athens emphasized democracy, culture and education, while Sparta emphasized military training and discipline.
Explain why the Delian League became a source of tension between Athens and its allies.
Athens increasingly controlled the alliance and used its resources to strengthen its own power, causing resentment among other Greek city-states.