Cell basics
What is the smallest basic unit of life?
The cell.
What organelle controls the activities of the cell?
The Nucleus.
What is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration called?
Diffusion.
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms consist of one cell, while multicellular organisms consist of many cells.
What is cell specialization?
The process by which cells develop specific structures and functions to perform particular jobs.
What does it mean when we say most cells are microscopic?
Most cells are too small to be seen with the naked eye.
What organelle produces energy for the cell?
The mitochondria.
What process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis.
Give one example of a unicellular organism.
Bacteria, amoeba, or yeast.
What organ system do the lungs belong to?
The respiratory system.
What type of cell does not have a defined nucleus?
A prokaryotic cell.
What organelle allows plant cells to carry out photosynthesis?
The chloroplast.
What does selective permeability mean?
It means a membrane allows certain substances to pass through while preventing others from passing.
Name one way a unicellular organism can move.
Using cilia, flagella, or pseudopods.
What organ system does the heart belong to, and what is its main function?
The circulatory system. The heart pumps blood throughout the body.
What structure do plant cells have that animal cells do not, and helps provide support?
The cell wall.
What organelle packages and transports materials throughout the cell?
The endoplasmic reticulum helps transport materials, while the Golgi apparatus modifies, packages, and distributes them.
What is one similarity and one difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Both involve movement from higher concentration to lower concentration. Osmosis involves water moving across a selectively permeable membrane, while diffusion can involve different particles and does not always require a membrane.
What is the correct order of organization in a multicellular organism, starting with the smallest level?
Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
Give one advantage of cell research or cell manipulation in medicine.
It can help develop treatments for diseases, repair damaged tissues, or improve our understanding of illnesses.
According to cell theory, where do all new cells come from?
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is the function of the cell membrane, and how does it help maintain the cell's internal environment?
It controls what enters and leaves the cell through selective permeability, helping maintain a stable internal environment.
What happens to the movement of particles during diffusion when equilibrium is reached?
Particles continue moving randomly, but there is no net movement because particles are evenly distributed.
A neuron is a specialized cell found in the nervous system. What is its main function?
To receive and transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body.
Explain one potential disadvantage or ethical concern associated with cell research or cell manipulation.
It may raise ethical concerns about using embryonic stem cells, create unexpected health risks, or lead to concerns about genetic manipulation and its long-term effects.