Types of Bonds
This weak bond forms between neighboring water molecules and gives water many of its unique properties.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Water molecules are attracted to other water molecules because of this property.
What is cohesion?
This property allows some insects to walk across the surface of water.
What is surface tension?
The monomer, or building block, of carbohydrates.
What is a monosaccharide?
Lipids are important for this type of energy storage.
What is long-term energy storage?
Proteins are made from smaller building blocks called these.
What are amino acids?
The monomers of nucleic acids are called these
What are nucleotides?
This type of bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms.
What is a covalent bond?
The attraction between water molecules and a different substance is called this.
What is adhesion?
Water moving upward through the narrow tubes of a plant (called the xylem) is an example of this process.
What is capillary action?
This simple sugar is an important immediate energy source for cells. The most abundant monosaccharide.
What is glucose?
Name the two basic components used to build many lipids, such as phospholipids.
What are glycerol and fatty acids?
This element is found in proteins but is not typically found in carbohydrates and lipids.
What is nitrogen? (CHON)
Name the two major types of nucleic acids.
What are DNA and RNA?
This type of bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating charged ions.
What is an ionic bond?
Water has a slight positive end and a slight negative end. This makes water a ______ molecule.
What is polar?
Water is often called this because it can dissolve many ionic and polar substances.
What is the universal solvent?
Plants store excess glucose in the form of this polysaccharide.
What is starch?
Lipids do not mix well with water because they are primarily ______.
What is nonpolar/hydrophobic?
This part of an amino acid differs among the 20 amino acids and gives each amino acid its unique properties.
What is the R group (side chain)?
The main function of nucleic acids is to store and transmit this type of information.
What is genetic information?
This specific covalent bond joins amino acids together to build proteins.
What is a peptide bond?
This type of weak bond forms between neighboring water molecules.
What is a hydrogen bond?
Ice floats because solid water is ______ dense than liquid water.
What is less dense?
Animals store excess glucose in the form of this polysaccharide.
What is glycogen?
This type of lipid is the major structural component of the cell membrane.
What is a phospholipid?
What process joins amino acids together to form proteins, and what molecule is released?
What is dehydration synthesis, which releases water (H₂O)?
A nucleotide contains three major components. Name them.
What are a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base?
Water molecules contain covalent bonds within each molecule but form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules. Which type of bond is stronger, and why?
Covalent bonds are stronger because atoms share electrons, while hydrogen bonds are weaker attractions between partially charged regions of molecules.
Explain why water has a high specific heat, in terms of bonds.
Hydrogen bonds require energy to break, allowing water to absorb a lot of heat before its temperature changes significantly.
Why does sweating help cool your body? What is the property of water called?
The highest-energy water molecules evaporate, carrying heat away from the body. This property of water is referred as High Heat of Vaporization.
Name the elements found in carbohydrates, and for extra credit on MAP 2, tell me the formula!
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (CHO)
C6H1206
Name three major types of lipids and give one function of each.
Name four major functions of proteins in living organisms and give an example of each.
What are the three major differences between DNA and RNA?