Helping Verbs
The leaves ___ falling from the trees.
are
The leaves were falling, ___ the wind was blowing.
and
Autumn — Fall
Synonyms: Both words refer to the season between summer and winter.
Yesterday, we ___ to the pumpkin patch. (go)
went
The pumpkins are ___ the porch.
on
The students ___ wearing sweaters because the weather is chilly.
are
We wanted to go to the pumpkin patch, ___ it started raining.
but
Leaves — Trees
Part-to-whole: Leaves are parts of trees.
She ___ a pumpkin at the fall festival. (buy)
bought
The students walked ___ the corn maze.
through
The pumpkin ___ been sitting on the porch since October began.
has
You can dress up as a witch, ___ you can dress up as a vampire.
or
Harvest — Crops
Association: A harvest involves collecting crops.
The students ___ their costumes to school on Halloween. (wear)
wore
We gathered ___ the fireplace to stay warm.
around
The students ___ been preparing for the fall festival all week.
have
The weather was cold, ___ we decided to stay inside and watch a Halloween movie.
so
Drought — Crops
Cause/Effect: A drought can damage or reduce crops.
The children ___ candy from their neighbors. (get)
got
The Halloween party will take place ___ Friday evening
on
By the time we arrived at the apple orchard, the workers ___ already picked most of the apples.
had
Mia didn't want to go through the haunted house, ___ did she want to enter the corn maze.
nor
Generous — Selfish
Opposites: A generous person gives or shares, while a selfish person focuses primarily on themselves
By the time we arrived, the fall festival had already ___. (begin)
begun
The hikers walked ___ the forest before reaching the pumpkin farm.
through