Past Modals
Modals
3rd Conditional
2nd Conditional
100

Past modal of MUST

HAD TO

100

I missed the bus. I __________ (get up) earlier.

Should have got up

100

Complete: If she had studied, she ____ (pass) the exam.

would have passed

100

Complete: If I ____ (have) a million dollars, I would travel the world.

had

200
What do we try to express when we use should have, ought to have, and could have?
Regret or blame
200

Name modals used for advice.

should, ought to,

200

Complete: If we ____ (leave) earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.

had left

200

Complete: If she ____ (be) taller, she would play basketball.

were (was también se acepta en inglés informal)

300

Past modal of CAN

COULD

300
What modals express prohibition?
Must not or can't
300

Correct the mistake: “If I had known about the party, I would go.”

If I had known about the party, I would have gone.

300

Correct the mistake: “If I would live in Japan, I would learn Japanese.”

If I lived in Japan, I would learn Japanese.

400

What is the form used with a past modal to express regret?

Modal + have + past participle

400
What modals may be used for future possibility?
May (not), might (not), and could
400

Complete: If he hadn’t forgotten his keys, he ____ (be) locked out.

wouldn’t have been

400

Complete: What ____ you do if you won the lottery?

would

500

Nobody knows exactly why he died, but we think it_____________ an accident.

must have been

could have been

500
Name the modals of ability. Begin with Present, then past, and finally future.
Present: can, be able to; Past: could, was/were able to; Future: can, will be able to, be going to be able to
500

Rewrite as a 3rd conditional: “I didn’t call you because I lost my phone.”

If I hadn’t lost my phone, I would have called you.

500

Rewrite as a 2nd conditional: “I don’t have a car, so I don’t drive to work.”

If I had a car, I would drive to work.

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