Past Perfect Simple, Past Perfect Continuous
Past plans and intentions
Past plans and intentions
Open the brackets:
1) When I woke up in the morning, I saw that it (snow) all night.
2) I found out that my neighbours (sell) their house.
1) had been snowing
2) had sold
Join the sentences to make one with a relative clause.
1) Mozart wrote 600 music pieces. He died at 35.
2) I met Lady Gaga. Her music has been my favourite for years.
1) Mozart, who wrote 600 music pieces, died at 35.
2) I met Lady Gaga, whose music has been my favourite for years.
Direct speech to reported speech:
1) "I've missed the boat", Clara told me.
2) "Don't be so flippant!", Victor told us.
3) "Will you join us for dinner?", Tara asked Polly.
1) Clara told me that she had missed the boat.
2) Victor told us not to be so flippant.
3) Tars asked Polly if (whether) she would join them for dinner.
Complete with the right modal verb: must / might / can't
1) Jake .... have been rally anxious before his speech, he kept fiddling with his tie and his palms were sweaty when I shook his hand.
2) Christina ...... have sent this text to me. It's definitely a mistake, it said "Kitten, I miss you so much!"
3) This jacket is really expensive and she doesn't earn so much money. - She ..... have bought it on sale.
1) must
2) can't
3) might
Open the brackets:
1) I wish things (go) arroding to plan last night.
2) If only the kids (not, be) so loutish.
1) had gone
2) weren't
Open the brackets:
1) I (arrange) to meet Ann on Friday and we went for a drink.
2) Sandra (put) off dealing with the papers for weeks, but finally she got to it yesterday.
1) had arranged
2) had been putting off
Paraphrase:
1) You need to wash your car. (Your car ...)
2) You can't take pictures at the museum. (allowed)
3) You mustn't smoke here. (forbidden)
1) Your car needs washing. / Your car needs to be washed.
2) You are not allowed to take pictures at the museum.
3) Smoking is forbidden here.
Direct speech to reported speech:
1) "Why are you sniffling?" Alice asked me.
2) "You should visit this castle.", Nancy advised us.
3) "Don't go out of your way trying to impress them", Sam told us.
1) Alice asked me why I was sniffling.
2) Nancy advised us to visit that castle.
3)Sam told us not to go out of our way trying to impress them.
Right or wrong?
1) We can't have avoided that traffic jam if we had left the house a bit earlier.
2) The cat must have been slept all day.
1) might / may / could
2) must have been sleeping
Right or wrong?
1) Counting sheep, I fell asleep.
2) Doing all the house chores, Linda decided to take a nap.
3) Damaged by the storm, they needed to restore the greenhouse.
1) right
2) Having done all the house chores, ...
3) Damaged bt the storm, the greenhouse needed restoring.
Mistake correction:
1) We supposed to travel by ship, but it turned out Sam gets really seasick.
2) I was hoped to do some vigorous exercises at the gym, but I hit my knee and couldn't.
1) were supposed
2) was hoping
Mistake correction:
1) The students were not permit to leave the classroom during the exam.
2) You mustn't meet me at the airport, I can take a taxi.
1) were not permitted
2) You don't have to meet me...
Open the brackets:
1) You can leave early today provided you (make) up for it tomorrow.
2) If we (fill) up our car, we (not, get) stuck in the middle of nowhere. How did you not notice we were running low on gas?!
3) I (not, bother) my brother if I (have) a knack for fixing computers.
1) make
2) had filled, wouldn't have got
3) wouldn't bother, had
Paraphrase, using modals of deduction:
1) Where is my salad? I left it in the fridge? - I don't know, maybe somebody ate it.
2) I'm sure they didn't pay a lot of money for that trip.
3) Look at Trish, she has definitely been exercising vigorously.
1) Somebody might (may, could) have eaten it.
2) They can't have paid a lot of money...
3) She must have been exercising vigorously.
Paraphrase, use "I wish / If only"
1) I can't go on vacation now.
2) We regret not buying that house.
3) You should practice what you preach.
1) I wish I could go on vacation now.
2) If only we had bought that house.
3) I wish you practiced what you preach.
Make up sentences:
1) Lucy / think of / switch careers.
2) They / consider / move / to Spain.
1) Lucy was thinking of switching careers.
2) They were considering moving to Spain.
Right or wrong:
1) Josh, who's ideas resonate with me, wasn't supported by most people.
2) The rules don't permit you to touch the ball with your hands.
3) You need watering the flowers once a week.
1) Josh, whose ideas...,
2) right
3) You need to water the flowers. / The flowers need watering.
What's wrong with it?
1) I'd avoid any strenuous activities if I was you.
2) Let's say you have done more research, you'd have been better prepared for the conference.
3) I find it harder to fall asleep if I won't use earplugs.
1) ...if I were you.
2) Let's say you had done...
3) ... if I don't use...
Spot a mistake:
1) This painting can't have painted by a real artist.
2) The sofa must have being scratched by a cat.
3) What were they doing in that cottage all evening without electricity? - They might been playing board games.
1) can't have been painted
2) must have been scratched
3) might have been playing
Make participle clauses:
1) If they are done regularly, these exercises will help your back.
2) We paid the bill and left the restaurant.
3) Greg was blowing his won trumpet and annoyed everyone.
1) Done regularly...
2) Having paid the bill...
3) Blowing his own trumpet, Greg annoyed everyone.
Complete the sentences:
1) I was M..... to study psychology, but had a change of heart.
2) Miranda was planning .... hiring a designer to decorate her new house.
1) meant
2) on
Paraphrase, use the words in brackets:
1) Rick forgot my name. It put me off. (which)
2) My sister let me borrow her car. (allow)
3) The roof has to be fixed. (need)
1) Rick forgot my name, which put me off.
2) My sister allowed me to borrow her car. / I was allowed to borrow my sister's car.
3) The roof needs fixing. / The roof needs to be fixed.
Open the brackets:
1) Tina said she (go) on holiday the following week.
2) Supposing you (get) a chance to go to Venice for free, but you (have) to slum it in some terrible accommodation, you (agree) to it?
3) Paul wondered where I (buy) my bike.
4) Sarah asked me if I (help) her with something the following week.
1) was going / is going
2) got, had, would you agree
3) I had bought
4) would help
Paraphrase:
1) I heard some music, I think the band was definitely rehearsing.
2) I'm sure Kate injured her leg, she limps a bit.
3) I don't believe she cooked this lasagna, she's terrible at cooking.
1) The band must have been rehearsing.
2) Kate must have injured her leg.
3) She can't have cooked this lasagna.
Open the brackets:
1) You should (apologise) to Laura after you'd said all those mean things.
2) (buy) groceries, I headed home.
3) I normally listen to some podcats while (walk) my dog.
1) have apologised
2) Having bought
3) walking