Alphabet
Which vowels are sometimes short and sometimes long?
α, ι, υ
What is a paradigm?
the representative pattern or example chart.
What does the word "declension" mean?
Pattern
εὐαγγέλιον
good news, gospel
οὐρανός
heaven, sky
αυ, ει, ευ, οι, ου, υι, αι
What does it mean to parse a noun?
to give its lexical form, case, number, gender, and a translation
All first declension nouns are what gender?
Feminine
child, son, descendant
ἔργον
work or deed
Which vowels are always long?
η and ω
What does it mean to decline a noun?
How do we find the stem of a noun?
Generally, by dropping the case ending from the noun
κόσμος
world, universe; adornment
κύριος
lord, master, sir
Which vowels are always short?
When might the ending of a noun NOT match the article?
When it is alpha pattern singular.
Ex. της καρδιάς
How do we know when to use the alpha pattern for first declension nouns?
Alpha ριε rule: when the stem ends in ριε, it follows the alpha pattern
νόμος
law, principle (astronomy, autonomy, theonomy, etc.)
ἀδελφός
brother, or sister with feminine first declension endings!
Name all the greek vowels!
α ε η ι ο υ ω
What is the function of the definite article? What does the article tell you about the noun it accompanies?
It means "the", and tells you the case, number, gender of the noun it goes with. This usually but not always matches the case ending of the noun.
Name the four cases of nouns and their functions.
Nominative - Subject
Genitive - Possession/ family connection "of the x"
Dative - Indirect object "to/for the x"
Accusative - direct object
σημεῖον
sign (like semiotics)
ἱερόν
temple, sanctuary