💡 Enlightenment & Ideas
Who argued people have natural rights (life, liberty, property)?
John Locke
Which estate led the French Revolution?
3rd Estate
Which revolution involved enslaved people rising up?
Haitian Revolution
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
England
What was one major challenge newly independent countries in Latin America faced?
Political instability / weak governments
What type of government did Enlightenment thinkers often support?
Democracy / republic
What made the French Revolution more violent than the American?
Internal conflict / Reign of Terror
Who led independence in South America and wanted "Gran Colombia"
Simón Bolívar
What energy source powered early industry?
Coal
What role did Napoleon play after the French Revolution?
He took power and ruled as an authoritarian leader
Why were Enlightenment ideas dangerous to monarchs?
They questioned absolute power and supported people’s rights
What did BOTH revolutions have in common?
Inspired by Enlightenment ideas, wanted reforms on taxes, no longer want a king
What was one key difference between the Mexican and Haitian Revolutions?
Haiti: led by enslaved people and focused on ending slavery
Mexico: involved multiple social classes and focused on independence from Spain
What social classes emerged/ prospered?
Proletariat & bourgeoisie
What was one effect of nationalism in the 1800s?
hint:what countries formed
New nations formed (ex: Greece, Belgium)
What economic issue helped cause the French Revolution?
High taxes / bread prices
What role did inequality play in revolutions?
Lower classes were taxed and had little power → led to unrest
What group led many Latin American revolutions?
Creoles
What was one major negative effect of industrialization?
Pollution / poor working conditions / child labor
Why did industrialization increase the power gap between regions?
Industrial nations gained wealth/technology while others stayed dependent
What idea did Montesquieu promote?
Separation of powers
Which revolution was mainly political, not social?
American Revolution
What event in Europe helped trigger Latin American revolutions?
Napoleon’s invasion of Spain
Explain ONE economic and ONE social effect of the Industrial Revolution
Economic: increased production, capitalism
Social: class divisions, urbanization
Explain one similarity and one difference between TWO revolutions
Haiti vs U.S.
Haiti vs France
Mexico vs Haiti
Mexico vs U.S.
France vs Mexico