Extreme Environments
Psychosocial Issues
Musculoskeletal: Muscle
Musculoskeletal: Bone
Countermeasures
100
This mission duration in Antarctica had the most negative impact on crew mates.
What is short?
100
This nutrient found in fish oil and walnuts plays a role in decreasing proinflammatory cytokine production
What is omega-3-fatty acid?
100
This muscle type is only seen in the heart
What is cardiac muscle?
100
Contains no blood vessels or nerves
What is skeletal cartilage?
100
The study of bodies in motion
What is dynamics?
200
This is the safety precaution that a deep sea diver should follow every 6 meters to avoid bubble formation while ascending
What is a decompression stop?
200
This neurotransmitter is released from the adrenal medulla as part of the sympathetic response
What is epinephrine
200
the dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle tissue, usually contains many bundles (fascicles) of muscle fibers.
What is epimysium?
200
This type of cartilage is most abundant
What is hyaline cartilage?
200
The equation for the buckling ratio for thin-walled tubes
"What is r/t ("r divided by t")?
300
This is the place in gas exchange where the pressure difference between two elevations is no longer constant.
What is the veins?
300
The malfunction of this neuroendocrine system involved in reactions to stress leads to mood and functional disorders
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?
300
contains a substantial amount of glycogen and myoglobin
What is sarcoplasm?
300
Disease that can lead to changes in blood cell production
What is osteoporosis?
300
This helps prevent SANS.
What is a negative pressure suit?
400
This is the length of the human intrinsic rhythm that determines the sleep cycle of a person while on Earth
What is 24.1+0.15 hours?
400
In the Astrolabe Content Analysis of Diaries Maintained by the Leaders and Physicians of French Remote Duty Stations, this was the most salient category of behavior issues
What is group interaction?
400
a membrane-delimited intracellular organelle that spans the sarcomeremyofilaments in striated muscle of almost all species.
What is sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)?
400
Causes flattening of the spine
What is microgravity?
400
Bone _ changes with age and as a result of space-flight, which can lead to fracture
What is structure?
500
This is the study the United States Navy held in 1965 that tested the psychological stresses on divers
What is SEALAB II?
500
This proinflammatory cytokine is implicated in chronic stress and stress-induced immune dysregulation
What is IL-6?
500
involves the sequential contraction of adjacent rings of smooth muscle in the aboral direction, followed by relaxation of these rings of muscle, causing a wave of contraction that propels the chyme towards the colon.
What is peristalsis?
500
Results from reduced mechanical loading in space
What is bone loss?
500
Given that...
Load P and support forces R1 and R2 are acting on this bone as shown in the figure above,
The bone is static,
Forces toward the right direction are positive,
What is the equation that describes the free body diagram above?
What is P-R1-R2 = 0?