DNA Replication/ Repair/ Recombination
Most accurate form of double stranded break repair
What is homologous recombination?
The promoter element that determines the direction of transcription
What is promoter asymmetry?
The sequence of 3 nucleotides on mRNA that specify a single amino acid.
What is a codon?
This molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome and serves as the template for protein synthesis.
What is mRNA?
Okazaki fragments are short DNA segments that are discontinuously synthesized on the lagging strand. After synthesis they are joined by DNA ligase.
What are okazaki fragments?
Transcription Factor that recruits RNA polymerase II to promotor (BRE element sequence recognition)
What is general transcription factor B?
Removes amino acids that have been incorrectly attached/mismatched to the end of a tRNA
What is the editing function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
The enzyme that joins DNA fragments together, (Okazaki fragments) on the lagging strand.
What is DNA ligase?
This enzyme unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork by disrupting the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
What is helicase?
This modified guanine nucleotide structure is added to the 5′ end of a eukaryotic pre-mRNA, helping protect the RNA from degradation and supporting translation initiation.
What is the 5′ cap (7-methylguanosine cap)?
Charges tRNA with their specific amino acid during protein synthesis.
What is aminoacyl-tRNA synthase?
The first step in homologous recombination
What is strand invasion?
The first enzyme involved in BER (base excision repair)?
What is DNA glycosylase?
During transcription, this enzyme reads the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
What is RNA polymerase?
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are enzymes that utilize atp to attach the correct amino acid to each tRNA prior to participation of the tRNA in translation.
What are aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases?
Using energy from ATP hydrolysis, these proteins allow newly synthesized proteins to obtain their optimal 3-D configuration.
What are molecular chaperones?
Group of proteins that form a protective cap on the end of telomeres, keeping them from being mistaken for damaged chromosomes
What is shelterin?
Which 2 enzymes are used in both replication and repair?
What is DNA polymerase,and DNA Ligase?
During translation, these three RNA codons signal the ribosome to terminate protein synthesis.
What are UAA, UAG, and UGA?
A single nucleotide is deleted near the beginning of a protein-coding sequence. Codon grouping downstream from deletion site is altered and a premature stop codon may result.
What is a frameshift mutation?