Theorists
Main theorists involved in psychoanalytic development
Who is Sigmund Freud
Physical changes such as increased height, weight, and bone density are examples of this.
What is growth?
At approximately what age should an infant be able to sit independently?
What is 6 months?
A 9-year-old begins thinking logically about concrete events. Which Piaget stage applies?
What is concrete operational stage?
The major psychosocial task of young adulthood is forming relationships and avoiding this outcome.
What is intimacy vs. isolation?
Theorist believed faith is a universal concern that is a process of developing trust
Who is James Fowler
Development that progresses from the head downward follows which principle?
What is cephalocaudal development?
A newborn turns toward a touch on the cheek and opens the mouth. Which reflex is present?
What is the rooting reflex?
This Erikson stage involves developing social skills and self-esteem in school-age children.
What is industry vs. inferiority?
A 50-year-old cares for aging parents while raising children. What term describes this situation?
What is the sandwich generation?
Theorist who believed not all people reach all stages of development
Who is Jean Piaget?
Development that progresses from the center of the body outward follows which principle?
What is proximodistal development?
A toddler plays beside another child but does not directly interact. What type of play is this?
What is parallel play?
A teenager begins thinking about hypothetical problems and philosophical issues. Which cognitive stage applies?
What is the formal operational stage?
A middle-aged adult focuses on parenting, productivity, and contributing to future generations. What concept applies?
What is generativity?
This theorist believed that each stage of development needed to be mastered to move to the next stage
Who is Erik Erickson?
A fetus is exposed to a harmful drug during early pregnancy. Which period has the greatest risk for abnormalities?
What is the first trimester?
A toddler wants to dress independently and becomes upset when helped. Which Erikson stage is demonstrated?
What is autonomy vs shame and doubt?
A teenager is exploring personal identity and future plans. Which psychosocial conflict is occurring?
What is identity vs role confusion?
An older adult has slower reaction time and decreased short-term recall. Are these expected age-related changes?
Yes
A child obeys rules mainly to avoid punishment. Which theorist's developmental theory best explains this behavior?
Who is Lawrence Kohlberg, specifically Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience?
A child exposed to neglect struggles to develop healthy relationships. Which factor can interfere with development?
What are social factors such as neglect, abuse, and lack of support?
A parent asks if their toddler is ready for toilet training. Which finding supports readiness?
What are recognizing the urge, seeking privacy, and having a steady gait
A nurse assesses an adolescent who values peers, seeks independence, and is developing personal beliefs. What developmental changes are expected?
What are increasing peer influence, independence, identity formation, and abstract thinking?
An older adult has decreased cough and gag reflexes, slower GI motility, and decreased bladder emptying. What should the nurse recognize?
What are expected age-related changes