Innate Immunity 1
How does the skin provide immunity?
It provides a barrier against infection.
How does mucus provide innate immunity?
It traps foreign materials.
How does urine provide innate immunity?
It washes out the urinary tract.
What is Lymph?
It is a watery liquid formed from interstitial fluid and found in lymph vessels.
What is interstitial fluid?
It is fluid found around and in between cells. It is naturally produced by leakage of clear fluid out of the blood capillaries.
How do tears provide innate immunity? Be specific.
Contains lysozyme, which kills foreign cells.
How do gastric juices provide innate immunity?
Kills pathogens in the stomach.
What are tonsils?
Tonsils are groups of lymph nodules found in the throat and on the back of the tongue.
What are Peyer's patches?
They are group of lymph nodules found in the wall of the small intestine.
How do sebaceous glands provide innate immunity?
How do symbiotic organisms provide innate immunity?
They crowd out populations of pathogens and secrete lactic acid. (Lactic acid is produced when our bodies are low on oxygen-think running)
How does complement provide innate immunity?
It kills bacteria. It is activated by pathogens leading to a "cascade" of reactions.
What is the thymus gland?
It is the place where Tlymphocytes mature, and it secretes the hormone thymosin.
What is the constant region?
It determines the class of antibody whether it is an IgG, IgM or others.
How does interferon provide immunity?
It signals neighboring cells to defend against viral infection.
How do Neutrophils and Macrophages provide innate immunity?
They engulf foreign substances.
How do basophils provide innate immunity?
They promote inflammation.
What are the three functions of the spleen?
1. Cleanse the blood from foreign invaders.
2. Dispose of worn out erythrocytes.
3. To be a reservoir for blood.
Antibodies can inactivate antigens by binding to them, binding them together in groups, activating complement, stimulating phagocytosis and stimulating inflammation.
How do eosinophils provide innate immunity?
They reduce inflammation to keep it in check.
How does vasodilation provide innate immunity?
It increases blood flow and allows monocytes easier access to the tissues.
How do pyrogens provide innate immunity?
They increase body temperature by affecting the hypothalamus.
How does interstitial fluid get into the lymph vessels?
It enters a lymph capillary through pores in between the overlapping cells in the lymph capillary/
How does interstitial fluid get pumped through the vessels?
It is pushed through the lymphatic vessels by contractions of the skeletal muscles, contraction of smooth muscle in the larger lymphatic vessels, and lower pressure in the thoracic cavity.