Definitions
what is molarity
measures the number of moles of a solute dissolved in exactly one liter of solution.
This acid is HCl (aq).
hydrochloric acid?
This substance has a pH less than 7.
acid
According to the Arrhenius definition, an acid produces this ion in water.
hydrogen ion
what is a limiting reactant
a reactant that is the first used up
what is self ionization.
process where water molecules spontaneously break down into hydronium and hydroxide ions.
This acid forms from the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻
nitric acid
This substance produces hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water.
base
In Brønsted–Lowry theory, an acid does this with a proton.
donate a proton
what is a excess reactant
reactant not used up at all
what is the difference between a solute and a solvent
solute is the substance being dissolved while solvent is the substance that does the dissolving dissolves the solute
H₂SO₃ is the formula for this acid
sulfurous acid
The scale used to measure how acidic or basic a solution is.
pH scale
NaOH is an example of this type of Arrhenius substance.
base
what is theoretical yield
the max amount of product that can be produced given the amount of reactants
what is the definition for water
polar covalently bonded molecule. positive and negative poles. ability to dissolve other polar substances.
This acid has the formula H₃PO₄.
phosphoric acid
This is the taste commonly associated with acids.
sour
In Brønsted–Lowry theory, a base does this with a proton.
accept a proton
what is actual yield
measured amount of a product obtained from
what is the difference between a homogenous mixture and heterogenous mixture.
a homogenous misture is Parts are evenly distributed and cannot be distinguished from one another. parts can be physically separated. while are unevenly distributed and can be distinguished from one another.
This acid has the formula CH₃COOH.
What is acetic acid?
what is the difference between a conjugate acid and a conjugate base.
ca- base that has accepted a proton
cb- an acid that has donated a proton
This type of pair includes an acid and the base it turns into after losing H⁺.
conjugate acid-base pair
what is percent yield
the ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield multiplied by 100