:)
The functional unit of the kidney
Nephron
Firstline medication for patients with elevated HbA1C in T2DM
metformin
Mechanism of action of SGLT-2 Inhibitors (short answer)
Prevent glucose and sodium reabsorption to promote urinary excretion
The best province
Saskatchewan
Are the 4 pulses of the lower body
Femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis
Kidney anatomy of loop of henle: Actively reabsorbs sodium, potassium, and chloride without letting water pass through (must be specific)
What is the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle
Are likely to cause hypoglycemia in patients (2 of em, not insulin)
Sulfonylureas and meglitinides
How and where do Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors work? (short answer)
competitively block enzymes in the small intestine brush border, delaying the breakdown of complex starches and sugars into glucose
Canadian diagnositc criteria for pre diabetes in terms of HbA1C percentage(s)
What is an HbA1C of 6.0-6.4%
Which university did Dr. McMillan do his PM&R residency?
UofT
For 1500 points - Countdown of 30 seconds to answer: Which would lead to NEGATIVE test result for ALL patients tested for a condition (even if they had it)?
a. Sen 0%
b. Spec 100%
c. Sen 100%
d. Spec 0%
a
This diabetes medication may lead to pancreatitis (One of two options acceptable)
What are GLP-1 Agonists OR DPP-4 Inhibitors
Tazobactam in Pip-Tazo serves what function?
beta-lactamase inhibitor (stops resistant bacteria from destroying the piperacillin)
A medication that can delay gastric motility and therefore increase risk of aspiration
GLP-1 Receptor Agonist
A situation where a positive on a highly sensitive (99.9%) and specific (99.9%) test yields a false positive.
What is an extremely rare illness/condition? (1 in a million, billion, etc.).
The distribution of diabetic neuropathy
Glove and stocking
Good Job!!!
Swap points with the other team :) (Mandatory)
This diuretic counterintuitively helps retain water in patients with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Thiazide Diuretics
Two reasons GLUT-4 receptors come to skeletal muscle cell surface to uptake glucose from bloodstream (must give both)
What is insulin, what is physical activity/excercise
Indications for Hemodialysis (5 classic I have in mind, other correct answers also acceptable)
Acidosis, electrolyte imbalance, Intoxication/ingestion, Overload, Uremia
(NO DICUSSION ALLOWED, pick one member) Explain Sensitivity and Specificity and what each tells us, including concept of ruling in and ruling out and false positive and negative. (short answer)
Sensitivity rules out, specificity rules in. Highly sensitive tests produce more false positives, highly specific tests produce more false negatives.
Stop picking all the 500 levels
-300 points
Insulin was first isolated from this animal (not livestock)
What is a dog?
Causes larger insulin release when the same amount (ex. 50 grams) of glucose in administered orally instead of via IV.
What is the Incretin Effect
Sensitivity and specificty of the Probe to Bone Test for osteomyelitis (+/- 5% is acceptable)
Sen 87%, Spec 83%
The functional unit of the kidney
Nephron, thats correct!
-200 points, life isn't fair