Cell Survival and Transport
This type of transport moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration without energy.
What is passive transport?
The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein is known as this.
What is Central Dogma?
This process reduces chromosome number by half.
What is meiosis?
This scientist proposed natural selection as a mechanism for evolution.
Who is Charles Darwin?
A scientist tests plant growth under red and blue light while keeping soil and water identical. Soil and water are examples of these.
What are controls?
A red blood cell placed in this type of solution would shrink.
What is a hypertonic solution?
During transcription, this enzyme builds this RNA strand.
What is RNA polymerase?
Organisms with two sets of chromosomes are described using this term.
What is diploid?
An important scientist observed these birds on the Galapagos Islands, whose different beak shapes helped inspire his ideas about evolution.
What are finches?
A cell fails to pass this checkpoint because its DNA is damaged.
What is the G1 checkpoint?
Cholesterol helps cell membranes maintain this property despite temperature changes.
What is membrane fluidity?
This molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
What is tRNA?
Crossing over during meiosis is important because it increases this.
What is genetic variation?
Traits that improve an organism's ability to survive and reproduce are called this.
What are adaptations?
A mutation occurs in a somatic liver cell of an adult organism. Explain why this mutation is unlikely to affect the organism's offspring.
What is because liver cells are somatic, not gametes?
This type of membrane lipid increases fluidity because its tails contain bends caused by double bonds.
What are unsaturated fats?
A mutation deletes one nucleotide from a gene, causing every codon after the mutation to code for different amino acids. This type of mutation is known as this.
What is a frameshift mutation?
A species has 16 chromosomes in its somatic cells. A gamete from this species would contain this number of chromosomes.
What is 8?
Competition for limited resources results from this principle that populations produce more offspring than the environment can support.
What is overproduction?
A mutation changes the shape of a membrane transport protein in kidney cells. As a result, ions can no longer move properly against the gradient. The transport process most directly affected is this.
What is active transport?
This transport process would most likely be used by a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium.
What is endocytosis?
This is the main reason DNA uses thymine while RNA uses uracil.
What is increased DNA stability/protection from mutations?
If two heterozygous parents for two traits are crossed, this fraction of offspring would be homozygous recessive for both traits.
What is 1/16?
Based on the following phylogenetic tree (FG will draw), which organisms are most closely related? (a) EX and TJ, (B) EX and TS, (c) BL and BB, (d) BL and DY, or (e) EX and DY
What is (c) because of a more recent common ancestor?
What is the unaffected allele is dominant?