Neck Muscles
This infrahyoid muscle features an inferior belly originating from the scapula and a superior belly that attaches to the hyoid bone
What is the omohyoid muscle?
Known as Erb's point, this specific landmark along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle marks the emergence point for cutaneous branches of this nerve plexus
What is the cervical plexus?
The right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery originate as terminal bifurcations of this major arterial trunk posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint
What is the brachiocephalic trunk?
This short duct carries salivaWhat is the parotid duct (Stensen's duct)?, piercing the buccinator muscle to open onto the inner cheek opposite the maxillary second molar
What is the parotid duct (Stensen's duct)?
Unlike most other synovial joints in the body which have articulating surfaces covered in hyaline cartilage, the temporomandibular joint is unique because its articular surfaces are covered in this specialized tough tissue
What is fibrocartilage?
Receiving their primary motor innervation from the ansa cervicalis (C1-C3), these muscles are also known as infrahyoid muscles
What are the sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles?
Formed by a loop of motor fibers from spinal levels C1 through C3, this nerve loop provides motor innervation to most of the infrahyoid strap muscles
What is the ansa cervicalis?
Originating in the root of the neck, the subclavian artery features four direct branches with these names
What are the internal thoracic, vertebral, thyrocervical trunk, and costocervical trunk?
This specific venous channel connects the facial vein directly to the pterygoid venous plexus
What is the deep facial vein?
Based on their tissue composition and whether they feature a fluid-filled cavity, joints are structurally classified into these three primary categories
What are fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints?
These two specific muscles receive their motor supply from C1 fibers that travel temporarily along with the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
What are the geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles?
The phrenic nerve, which drives motor function to the diaphragm, is formed primarily by ventral rami originating from these specific cervical spinal levels
What are C3, C4, and C5?
Branching off the subclavian artery, the thyrocervical trunk divides into four branches with these names
What are the inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, suprascapular, and ascending cervical arteries?
These two specific veins unite behind the ramus of the mandible to form the retromandibular vein
What are the superficial temporal vein and the maxillary vein?
Characterized by an inability to fully open the mouth due to muscular spasm or other localized restrictions, this clinical condition is commonly referred to as "lockjaw"
What is trismus?
Exiting the skull through the jugular foramen, the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) provides exclusive motor innervation to these two major superficial neck muscles
What are the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
Composed of the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 through T1, this major neural structure emerges in the root of the neck through the interscalene space between the anterior and middle scalene muscles
What is the brachial plexus?
The external jugular vein descends across the sternocleidomastoid muscle and is formed specifically by the union of these two veins
What are the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein?
Derived from the second branchial arch, this superficial muscle of facial expression elevates the eyebrows and is innervated by the facial nerve (CN VII
What is the frontalis muscle?
The temporomandibular joint is reinforced and stabilized by these four specific ligaments
What are the capsule, lateral ligament, sphenomandibular ligament, and stylomandibular ligament?
Originating from the anterior tubercles of cervical transverse processes and inserting onto the basilar part of the occipital bone, this specific prevertebral muscle functions to flex the head and cervical spine
What is the longus capitis?
This branch of the vagus nerve loops underneath specific vascular structures before ascending in the neck to run specifically posterior to the thyroid gland on its way to the larynx
What is the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
These eight branches of the external carotid artery are oftentimes remembered with various mnemonics
What are the superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, and maxillary arteries?
Unlike muscles of facial expression, these two primary muscles of mastication are derived from the first branchial arch and receive motor innervation exclusively from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
What are the masseter and temporalis muscles?
Because the temporomandibular joint utilizes a hinge movement in its lower compartment and a gliding movement in its upper compartment, it is functionally categorized as this type of joint
What is a ginglymoarthroidal joint?