1
2
3
4
5
100
Eyrthrocytes
or red blood cells (RBCs), transport oxygen (O 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) in the blood
100
Hemoglobin
contains both a protein portion, called globin, and nonprotein heme groups. Globin consists of four polypeptide chains, each of which contains a heme group. The heme group is a red pigment that contains a single iron atom surrounded by a ring of nitrogen‐containing carbon rings.
100
Leukocytes
white blood cells (WBCs), protect the body from foreign microbes and toxins.
100
Granulocytes
contain numerous granules in the cytoplasm and have a nucleus that is irregularly shaped with lobes.
100
Neutrophil
the most numerous of granulocytes, have an S‐ or C‐shaped nucleus with three to six lobes. Their granules, which are small and inconspicuous, poorly absorb both basic and acidic stains (neutral pH preference), producing a pale, lilac color.
200
Eosinophils
have a bilobed nucleus (two lobes connected by a narrow strand of chromatin). Their granules, which stain red with acid (eosin) dyes, contain digestive enzymes.
200
Basophils
release histamine in response to tissue damage and to pathogen invasion
200
Lymphocytes
, often classified as small, medium, and large, have a roughly round nucleus surrounded by a small amount of blue‐staining cytoplasm. are the only leukocytes that return to the bloodstream, circulating among the bloodstream, tissue fluids, tissues, and lymph fluid.
200
leave the bloodstream and move into tissues, they enlarge and become macrophages, which engulf microbes and cellular debris.
monocyte
200
are fragments of huge cells called megakaryocytes. Megakaryocytes fragment as they pass from the bone marrow into the bloodstream. lack a nucleus and consist of cytoplasm (with few organelles) surrounded by a plasma membrane. adhere to damaged blood vessel walls and release enzymes that activate hemostasis, the stoppage of bleeding.
Platelets ( thrombocytes)
300
is the straw‐colored, liquid portion of the blood. It consists of the following: Water (90 percent).
plasma
300
is the liquid material remaining after blood‐clotting proteins have been removed from plasma as a result of clotting.
serum
300
The pulmonary Circuit:
The circuit where deoxygenated blood goes from the right side of the heart to the lungs
300
The systemic Cicuit
The blood that travels throughout the body
300
What are the three layers of the heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
400
what is the pericardium
a double walled sac the heart is enclosed in
400
a serous membrane of the external heart surface with large coronary blood vessels to pass through
epicardium
400
The job of the AV valves
to regulate the openings between the atria and ventricals (AV)
400
WHAT is edema and what causes it
Edema is the accumulation of excess fluid in a tissue. It can occur in internals organs where is is hidden from view. It occurs when fluid filters into tissue faster than it is absorbed. 3 causes..1 Increased capillary filtration 2. reduced capillary reabsorption. 3 Obstructed lymphatic drainage.
400
what is a myocardial infraction
a heart attack
500
define hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia
1: causes the heart to beat too slow. 2. causes the heart to beat too rapidly
500
is the volume of blood ejected by each ventricle during a single contraction.
Stroke volume
500
is the volume of blood pumped out of the right or left ventricle per minute. CO = SV × HR.
Cardiac output
500
Heart rate is regulated by the following three factors
The nervous system, Chemicals such as hormones, other things such as age, gender, race
500
the pressure measured during contraction of the ventricles, averages about 110 mm Hg in arteries of the systemic circulation (for healthy, young adults).
systolic pressure
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