Vocab
Heat
the quality of being hot; high temperature.
Kinetic Energy
the energy an object possesses due to its motion
What is the difference between freezing and freezing point, boiling and boiling point etc?
Freezing and boiling are processes where matter changes state, while freezing/boiling points are the specific temperatures where those changes happen
How does a thermometer work? What does it measure and how?
measures temperature—the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance—by utilizing materials that change predictably when heated or cooled
Temperature
the degree or intensity of heat present in a substance or object.
Equilibrium
a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
What changes in matter accompany changes in heat?
Adding heat increases particle speed, causing melting or evaporation and expansion
What is the relationship between kinetic energy and the motion of particles in a substance?
Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the speed and mass of particles in a substance, serving as a measure of their random motion, vibrations, and rotations.
Heat Transfer
the movement of thermal energy from a hotter system to a cooler one due to a temperature difference
Specific Heat Capacity
the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one unit of mass of a substance by one degree Celsius
How can the ability to absorb heat be measured as a specific physical property of matter?
The ability to absorb heat is measured as specific heat capacity
Why doesn't the temperature change when ice is melting, even though heat is still being added?
the added heat energy is used to break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules in a solid structure, rather than increasing their kinetic energy
Joules
the standard unit used to measure energy, work, or heat in science
Law of Conservation of Energy
the total energy in an isolated system remains constant; it cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another
What do Boyle’s and Charles’ law state?
How can the ability to absorb heat be measured as a specific physical property of matter?
The ability to absorb heat is measured as specific heat capacity