Hematology
Serum lacks this clotting protein because it is collected with EDTA, an anticoagulant
What is fibrinogen?
These components mimic a functional light chain on the Pre-BCR.
What are VpreB + λ5?
These two signals initiate proliferation of early thymocytes (aka drive commitment of T cell lineage)
What are IL-7 and Notch 1 (know at least one)
This microbial group has a defined nucleus and a cell wall; include yeasts, molds, and dimorphic forms.
What is fungi?
Pernicious anemia is associated with this deficiency
What is Vitamin B12?
It is in the second trimester that the blood is formed in this vital organ
What is the liver or spleen?
B-1 cells are very important for early defense against what type of bacteria?
What is encapsulated bacteria?
This co‑stimulatory receptor binds CD80/CD86 on antigen‑presenting cells (pAPCs).
What is CD28?
These are abnormally shaped proteins that can convert normal host proteins into the abnormal form.
What are prions?
This syndrome is associated with having no circulating T and B cells.
What is Omenn syndrome?
This syndrome has labs similar to Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura but with more prominent renal injury. It is caused by a Shiga-like toxin from E. Coli.
What is Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome?
These genes initiate V(D)J recombination; essential for HC and LC rearrangements.
What are RAG 1 and RAG 2?
This complex, present on all professional antigen presenting cells, initiates adaptive immune responses
What is MHC-II?
These negatively charged sugars are found in Gram Positive bacteria and act as PAMPs.
What are lipoteichoic acids and teichoic acids?
This syndrome, associated with the lack of a thymus, is due to incorrect or absent development of epithelioreticular cells.
What is DiGeorge Syndrome?
This intermediate is accumulated with Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)
What is Porphobilinogen and ALA?
This term, also known as functional inactivation, occurs when low‑affinity self‑reactive BCRs become unresponsive.
What is Anergy?
This type of T-Cell provides help to B cells in germinal centers (antibody affinity maturation).
What is Tfh?
This drug is used in the treatment of influenza by blocking the uncoating of the virus in the host cell.
What is Amantadine?
Rivaroxaban directly binds to and inhibits this factor.
What is Factor Xa?
These surface markers are associated with mature B cells (naive)
What are CD19⁺ CD20⁺ CD24⁺ CD38⁺ CD45⁺? Get at least 2
After becoming a DP thymocyte (CD4⁺ CD8⁺, surface αβ‑TCR), this occurs in the cortex.
What is positive selection?