MENDELIAN
MOLECULAR
MITOSIS/MEIOSIS
RANDOM
RANDOM
100
Who developed the Punnett square?
R.C Punnett
100
What is the start codon and what amino acid does it code for?
AUG, Methionine (MET)
100
Which happens more frequently - mitosis or meiosis? Why?
Mitosis.
100
Female and Down Syndrome
100
What does an operon consist of?
Promoter, operator, and genes that code for a specific task.
200
What is a test cross?
A cross between a phenotypically recessive individual and an individual with an unknown genotype in order to determine the genotype of the unknown individual by looking at their offspring.
200
Which are the Purines?
a) Adenine and Guanine
b) Thymine and Guanine
c) Cytosine and Adenine
d) Adenine and Thymine
A
200
Which of these are one of the processes that result in genetic differences of daughter cells during meiosis?
a) Genomic Imprinting
b) Crossing Over
c) Gametogenesis
d) Albertstinism
D OBVIOUSLY.
200
Give an example of an epistatic gene and explain.
Answers will vary. Example: Albinism. This is because the albino gene interferes with the expression of other genes. Mice have five genes that control its fur colors, but the expression of the fifth gene, the albino gene, overshadows the others.
200
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
Describes the way information in genes flows into proteins:
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
300
What is the genotypic ratio of a dihybrid cross?
1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1
300
Suppose the DNA of a gene contains five motifs (A, B, C, D, and E) in that order. Motifs A, B, and D are located in introns, while motifs C and E are located in exons. What is the order of the motifs in the mature mRNA transcribed from that sequence?
CE
300
Why is it important that in a human, meiosis results in haploid instead of diploid cells
I'm too lazy to write, explain it or smthing.
300
Give an example of X-chromosome inactivation
Answers will vary.
300
Name three causes of mutations
1) Radiation
2) Virus
3) Chemicals
400
Name one of Mendel's laws and explain.
Law of Segregation -
Organisms inherit two copies of a gene, one from each parent
Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus, the two copies of each gene segregate during gene formation.
Law of Independent Assortment - Alleles of different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene.
400
What are the three stages of translation? Explain.
Initiation: Methionine is attached to the small ribosomal subunit, and they bind to the start codon to form the initiation complex.
Elongation: Amino acids are brought in by the tRNA, and the polypeptide chain gets longer.
Termination: The stop codon triggers a series of events that separate the chain from the tRNA.
400
An organism has 36 chromosomes in a diploid cell. How many chromosomes will be present in/at:
Skin Cell
Mitotic Anaphase
Meiosis Anaphase ll
Newly Formed Zygote
1. 36
2.
3.
4. 36
4.
400
What are linked genes?
Genes that are close together to the point where there is a high chance that they will be inherited together due to the fact that they will be less likely to separate during crossing over in meiosis.
400
Name three features of Mendel’s experiments that helped him establish his laws of inheritance.
Control over breeding
Use of purebred plants
He chose either-or traits to observe
The traits he chose to observe were either on different chromosomes pairs or were so far apart on the chromosome that it would not be likely that they would be inherited together.
500
Why did Gregor Mendel chose pea plants for his experiments (hint: there are two main reasons)
They could reproduce quickly/could be grown in large numbers
He could easily control how they mate
500
Draw the chemical structure of one of the nitrogen-containing bases.
500
What are the two types of errors in meiosis? What happens in each of them?
Nondisjunction and Translocation
500
Three genes A, B, and C exist on a chromosome. Genes A and B are 8 map units apart, and genes A and C are 16.9 map units apart. Explain what those numbers mean.
Genes A and B cross over 8% of the time, genes A and C cross over 16.9% of the time, and genes B and C cross over 8.9% of the time.
500
What is genomic imprinting?
When you inherit only one working gene from either parent.