Green Revolution
During the green revolution, the number of farms in operation _________, while the size of the average farm _________
What is decreased, increased?
This type of irrigation involves the digging of trenches which are filled with water and run in rows next to crops
What is furrow irrigation?
This is what CAFO stands for
What is Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation?
This type of surface mining is the most environmentally destructive
What is mountaintop removal mining?
This type of agriculture does not use synthetic pesticides or fertilizers
What is organic agriculture?
This type of fertilizer is industrially produced, and well suited to quick applications of highly concentrated nutrients
What is synthetic fertilizer?
This type of irrigation involves a rotating apparatus that delivers water to a field
What is spray irrigation?
This artificial structure is used to store animal waste at a CAFO
What is a manure lagoon?
This type of mining is the most dangerous to the humans working on it
What is subsurface mining?
A mine collapse in this country trapped workers underground for over two months in 2010
What is Chile?
This country leads the world in pesticide use
What is the United States?
This type of irrigation involves hoses with small holes in them to deliver water to crop roots
What is drip irrigation?
This approach allows animals to graze outdoors on grass for most or all of their lifecycle
What is free range grazing?
This type of mining involves the removal of overlying vegetation, soil, and rock to expose underlying ore in a segmented fashion
What is strip mining?
The tendency of a shared, limited resource to become depleted if it is not regulated in some way is called this
What is the tragedy of the commons?
Name a drawback of monocropping
Increased soil erosion when preparing fields for planting
Increased vulnerability to pests - monocrops are often GMOs, and thus genetically identical
As GMOs, they also decrease genetic diversity
This substance is toxic to plants, and can build up in soils over time due to frequent irrigation
What is salt?
Name two advantages of raising meat in a CAFO
Minimize land requirements, can raise a large quantity of animals in a relatively small area
High density conditions increase profit margins
Improved feeding efficiency increases profit margins
Increased percent of food intake that goes into animal body mass
Illnesses associated with this body system are commonly a result of work in the mining industry
What is the respiratory system?
The pore spaces found within permeable layers of rock and sediment underneath the soil that store groundwater are called this
What are aquifers?
Name a benefit of GMO use
Increased crop yield and quantity
Increased pest and drought resistance (Need less pesticides and irrigation)
Increased production of essential vitamins and minerals
Decreased time needed for maturation, leading to multiple growing cycles within the normal agricultural season
This form of soil degradation occurs when soil remains under water for prolonged periods of time
What is waterlogging?
Name two disadvantages associated with grazing
Much more land is required than CAFOs use
The meat is more expensive to produce, and will in turn cost the consumer more as well
Livestock can trample stream banks, increasing erosion
Water quality can be decreased via pollution from animal waste
Land is vulnerable to wildfire due to dryness
Unwanted waste material created during mining including mineral and other rock residues that are left behind after the desired metals are removed from the ore are called this
What are tailings?
Name two advantages of grazing
Animals are healthier
Meat produced is of a higher quality
Ethical concerns are vastly reduced compared to CAFOs
Can use land for grazing that is too arid (dry) for other agricultural purposes