Common Substances
Periods and Groups
Scientists
Properties of matter
Trends
100

Elements that make up water

What is hydrogen and oxygen?

100

The group Iodine belongs to

What is Group 7?

100
Discovered that electrons have a negative charge.
Who was J.J. Thompson?
100

Your ____________ will not change in outer space.

Mass

100

Elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table belong to the same what?

Answer: Group (or family).

200

Element that conducts heat?

What is metals?

200

The gaseous molecule formed when nitrogen reacts with oxygen

What is nitrogen monoxide/dioxide?

200
His model was the first to establish that the nucleus is the center of the atom.
Who was Ernest Rutherford?
200

Three properties of non-metals?

Non-metals are generally dull, brittle solids (or gases/liquids), poor conductors of heat and electricity (insulators), lack luster, have low densities, and exhibit high electronegativity, tending to gain electrons in reactions.

200

An atom has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴. Identify the element and determine how many valence electrons it has.

Answer: Sulfur, with 6 valence electrons.

300

Element found in the atmosphere?

Earth's atmosphere is primarily composed of Nitrogen (N₂) (~78%) and Oxygen (O₂) (~21%), with smaller amounts of Argon (Ar) (~0.9%) and variable Water Vapor, plus trace gases like Carbon Dioxide (CO₂), Neon (Ne), Helium (He), Methane (CH₄), Krypton (Kr), and hydrogen

300

The noble gases have

a full valence shell of electrons

300
Stated that electrons travel the nucleus in a fixed orbit.
Who was Niels Bohr?
300

Freezing, cutting, bending, dissolving, and melting are all examples of ___________ changes.

physical changes

300

Which atom is larger: lithium or potassium? Both are in the same group.

Answer: Potassium. Atomic radius increases down a group. 

400

Element found in cooking salt

What is sodium and chlorine 

400

the least electronegative element in the compound MgCl2

What is magnesium?

400
His principle stated that it is impossible to know both the location and speed of an electron at the same time.
Who was Werner Heisenberg?
400

______________ is the amount of matter in a given space.

density

400

Which element has the greater electronegativity, oxygen or sulfur? Both are in the same group.

Answer: Oxygen. Electronegativity generally increases up a group.

500
Metal that is liquid at room temperature?

What is mercury?

500

An element with 4 orbitals/rings

What is Calcium (or other element from period 4)

500
Discovered the neutron.
Who was James Chadwick?
500

Conductivity, state, malleability, ductility, solubility, and density are all examples of ____________________.

physical properties

500

Which element would generally require more energy to remove its first electron: sodium or chlorine? Both are in the same period.

Answer: Chlorine. First ionization energy generally increases from left to right across a period.

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