Columbian Exchange
This term describes the transfer of plants, animals, diseases, people and ideas between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after 1492.
What is the Columbian Exchange?
This Spanish labor system gave colonists control over Native labor in return for supposed protection and Christianization.
What is the encomienda system?
This Virginia crop became extremely profitable and created a huge English demand for colonial exports.
What is tobacco?
This economic theory held that colonies existed partly to increase the wealth and power of the mother country.
What is mercantilism?
This 1675–1676 war involved New England colonists and Native forces led by Metacom, also known by this English name
Who is King Philip?
This unintended consequence of European contact killed enormous numbers of Native Americans.
What are epidemics/diseases?
Spanish colonizers often justified conquest by claiming they wanted to spread this religion.
What is Christianity/Catholicism?
This New England colony restricted voting primarily to male church members during its early history.
What is Massachusetts Bay?
These British laws attempted to control colonial shipping and require valuable colonial goods to travel through the English trading system.
What are the Navigation Acts?
This 1676 Virginia uprising involved frontier settlers angry with Governor Berkeley and Native American policy.
What is Bacon's Rebellion?
Horses, cattle, pigs, wheat, and sugar generally traveled in this direction during the Columbian Exchange.
What is from Europe to the Americas?
As the Native population declined, Spanish colonists increasingly turned to this labor source.
Who were enslaved Africans?
These European workers signed contracts agreeing to work several years in exchange for transportation to America.
Who are indentured servants?
Britain often failed to strictly enforce its trade laws during the colonial period, creating a tradition of colonial self-government sometimes associated with this policy.
What is salutary neglect?
In 1754, Benjamin Franklin helped promote this proposal for greater cooperation among the British colonies.
What is the Albany Plan of Union?
The expansion of this type of agriculture increased dramatically as Europeans established colonies producing tobacco and sugar.
What is plantation/cash-crop agriculture?
Spanish military advantages included steel weapons, horses, and these terrifying weapons that impressed Native observers.
What are guns/firearms?
Compared with European peasants, many New England farmers developed a greater sense of personal independence because they had access to this
What is land/property ownership?
England strengthened its mercantilist empire in 1664 by taking New Netherland from this European country.
What is the Netherlands/Dutch?
This 1763 treaty ended the French and Indian War and eliminated most French territorial claims east of the Mississippi River.
What is the Treaty of Paris of 1763?
The Columbian Exchange helped transform Europe economically by contributing to the growth of this economic system based on private investment and expanding markets.
What is capitalism?
This demographic catastrophe helped cause the transition from Native labor toward African slavery in Spanish colonies.
What was the massive decline of the Native American population from disease?
Geography and climate helped explain why tobacco, rice, and other cash crops became especially profitable in these colonies.
What are the plantation colonies/Southern colonies?
Atlantic commerce connected Europe, Africa, the Caribbean, and North America into this larger economic network.
What is the Atlantic World/Atlantic trading system?
The French and Indian War was the North American portion of this broader pattern in which European rivalries repeatedly spread into the colonies.
What are European imperial conflicts/European wars spreading to North America?