Early Agriculture
What tool was used to ground grains into flour?
The stone quern (x6)
About how many people lived in the city of Uruk?
40,000 people
What is the definition of surplus?
Extra of something
What region is believed to have the first agricultural centers?
Southwest Asia
What innovation led to the birth of farming?
The domestication of plants and animals
What group of people made up the lower class of society in early civilizations?
Slaves made up the lowest class in society (x3)
What is the definition of resource?
A supply that can be used as needed
How did rulers use religion in early civilizations?
They used it to justify their right to be the ruler
What is one benefit to farming? What is one con of farming?
Benefit:
Farming produced more food and required less land
As a result of farming, more people were able to build permanent homes and farming villages
Farming also provided new materials for clothing
Con:
Planting crops and herding animals took a long time and took a lot of energy
Farm was also an uncertain practice as it wasn't guaranteed that crops would grow
Sometimes nomads would attack these agricultural centers as well
How did religion affect the common people of society in early civilizations?
They looked to religion for rules on how to treat others and how to act
What is the definition of social class?
In terms of acres, how large was Uruk
1,000 acres (x2)
How did surpluses help create job specializations?
Surpluses allowed for less people to farm and instead specialize in other trades
What are the five main rivers that served as the setting for early civilizations?
The Nile, the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the Indus River, and the Huang River
What is the definition of economy?
The system that a community uses to produce and distribute goods and services
What kind of materials did hunter-gatherers use for clothing? What type of materials did farmers use?
Hunter-gatherers used animal hides for clothing while farmers used plant fibers, linen, and silk
How were the leaders of small farming villages? What were social classes like in these villages?
The heads of families served as the rulers. There is no evidence of any social classes in these villages
What was writing originally used for? What did writing help preserve in early civilization?
Writing was originally used to record numbers but later preserved laws, prayers, and deeds of the ruler
What is the definition of revolution?
A complete change in ways of thinking, workings, or living
What was the first animal to be domesticated? How did it help humans?
Wolves were domesticated into dogs and helped in hunting, protection and provided companionship