Pre-Civil War
What event caused the South to secede from the Union?
Lincoln's election in 1860
What was the main cause of the civil war?
Slavery (and the issues surrounding it)
What is a pocket veto?
A pocket veto is an indirect veto by the president by keeping the bill unsigned until it is too late to deal with it.
Which railroad (of the Transcontinental railroad) went which direction?
The Union Pacific went from Omaha westward, while the Central Pacific went from Sacramento east.
Buying all of the companies which service another company.
What happened at Harper's Ferry?
John Brown raided the armory at Harpers Ferry and stole guns to arm slaves who were supposed to kill their masters. His plan failed, as the slaves were scared, but it scared the rich plantation owners in South.
Why was the Emancipation Proclamation important to the army?
The Emancipation Proclamation made it legal for African Americans to enlist in the army.
Why was the KKK created?
The KKK was founded by former Confederates and plantation owners who wanted to bring the South back to how it was before the war. This group violently tried to defy Reconstruction and bring back slavery.
What did Hill's Great Northern Railroad do differently?
- no federal grants
- low fares to settlers who homesteaded near the route
- hauled goods both east and west without coming back empty
What is horizontal integration?
Buying all of the companies that do a specific thing.
What was the Missouri Compromise?
A compromise that allowed all new land west of the current states to be added as states, the new land north of the southern border of MO was to have no slavery. The land south of MO's southern border would decide by using popular sovereignty.
Which slave states did not secede from the union?
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri
What were Black Codes?
Black Codes were Southern laws which restricted African Americans' freedom, and forced them to work on plantations as sharecroppers, similar to slavery.
Why were time zones created?
Historically, time was calculated based on the sunrise. When travel became more common, it was important to have a standardized schedule for timing trains.
What were the goals of unions?
Most unions wanted better pay, better hours, better working conditions, safety, job security, and to eliminate child labor.
What was popular sovereignty?
The idea that citizens of new territories could decide for themselves whether they wanted slavery or not.
Why was Habeas Corpus temporarily restricted?
If you are arrested, the government has to charge you with a crime or they are forced to let you go free. Lincoln suspended this right in order to stop people from resisting the draft and supporting the rebels.
What caused Reconstruction to effectively end in 1877?
The compromise of 1877 mandated that the army be removed from the South.
What were the terms of the Homestead Act?
The homestead act gave people free land for settling in the west. Settlers had to be 21 or older, pay $10, live on the land for 5 years (or more), and improve the land (build a house, plant crops, etc.).
Who was JP Morgan?
JP Morgan was one of the US's first major investment bankers. He is known for starting the investment firm JPMorgan and for consolidating Carnegie's steel companies with others to create US Steel.
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
At the conclusion of the Mexican-American war, Mexico signed this 1848 treaty which forces Mexico to give the US a large amount of Mexican land, including NM and CA, in exchange for $15,000,000.
What happened at Fort Sumter
Lincoln tried to send supplies to the soldiers stationed in Fort Sumter, SC. Davis didn’t want US soldiers in the Confederacy, so he had the Confederacy's army bomb Fort Sumter until the soldiers surrendered.
What was the difference between Lincoln and Johnson's reconstruction plans?
- Lincoln didn't require the 13th amendment to be ratified
- Johnson wouldn't allow amnesty to people who had more than $20K in property
Why were buffalo important to the Native Americans?
Buffalo were a very important species to the natives because they were the main source of food. Additionally, the buffalo skins were used for clothing and the bones for tools.
Why was the IWW considered radical?
The IWW aimed to unionize all workers, both skilled and unskilled, in one big union. This union was to represent international workers and domestic workers. A minority of the IWW's members were radical, and some became violent.