Ancient Medicine
Early healers sometimes created an opening in a patient's skull because they believed it could release evil spirits. What was this procedure called?
Trepanation
During the 1800s, this woman helped transform nursing into a respected and professionally trained healthcare career. Who was she?
Florence Nightingale
What everyday hygiene practice became an important way for healthcare workers to prevent passing microorganisms between patients?
Handwashing
A healthcare provider needs to listen to a patient's heart and lungs. Which invention made this possible without placing an ear directly against the patient's body?
Stethoscope
In 1928, I noticed something unusual happening around mold growing in a bacterial culture. Who am I?
Alexander Fleming
Medical information written on papyrus provides evidence of the healthcare practices of which early civilization?
Ancient Egypt
This physician noticed that fewer mothers died after healthcare workers cleaned their hands before treating patients. Who was he?
Answer: Ignaz Semmelweis
Ignaz Semmelweis
What major scientific idea changed medicine by connecting microorganisms with the development and spread of disease?
Germ Theory
Doctors gained the ability to examine bones and other internal structures without cutting into the body because of what discovery?
X-Rays
I became the first antibiotic after scientists realized a certain mold could prevent bacteria from growing. What am I?
Penicillin
This Greek physician helped move medicine away from supernatural explanations and toward observation of patients. Who was he?
Hippocrates
An observation involving cowpox eventually helped this physician protect people from a much more dangerous disease. Who was he?
Edward Jenner
A surgeon begins using chemicals to reduce microorganisms on wounds, instruments and the surgical area. Whose work does this most closely resemble?
Joseph Lister
What element important for human respiration was famously identified by Joseph Priestley during the 18th century?
Oxygen
My research examined how medicines could target disease-causing microorganisms and helped advance pharmacology. Who am I?
Paul Ehrlich
Ancient Greek physicians once believed a person's health depended on keeping four body fluids in balance. What was this belief called?
The Theory Of Four Humors
This scientist's research helped prove that microscopic organisms, rather than theories such as “bad air,” could be responsible for disease. Who was he?
Louis Pasteur
A surgical team makes sure its equipment and environment remain free from contamination before an operation. What practice are they using?
Asepsis / sterile technique
A scientist notices that people who previously experienced cowpox seem less likely to develop a deadly disease. Which medical advancement eventually resulted from this observation?
The smallpox vaccine/vaccination
Two scientists developed different versions of a vaccine that helped protect millions of people from the same disabling disease. What disease were they fighting?
Polio
Blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile were once thought to determine a person's health. According to this theory, what would cause someone to become sick?
An imbalance of the Four Humors
This Renaissance physician improved knowledge of the human body by studying actual human anatomy rather than simply accepting older teachings. Who was he?
Andreas Vesalius
One 19th-century scientist identified the microorganism responsible for tuberculosis. Who was he?
Robert Koch
Why was the development of medical imaging such as X-rays a major turning point for physicians?
It allowed doctors to examine structures inside the body without surgery and make more accurate diagnoses.
One of these vaccines contained an inactivated virus, while the other used a weakened live virus. Name the scientist associated with each type.
Jonas Salk — killed/inactivated virus; Albert Sabin — live attenuated virus.